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References
Foa, U. G., “Convergences in the Analysis of the Structure of Interpersonal Behavior”,Psychological Review, 1961,68, 341–353.
Clark, K. B., “Problems of Power and Social Change: Toward a Relevant Social Psychology”,Journal of Social Issues, 1965,22, 4.
Reinhold Niebuhr comes readily to mind as a theologian who has emphasized love and justice as inextricable processes in human history. Psychologists with sensitivity to the work of others outside the social sciences have been reforming their work to this theme. david Bakan, in hisThe Duality of Human Existence (Chicago, Rand McNally Co., 1966) labels the duality as the agentic and the communion forces in human history.
One of the indictments of the English King is: “He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, where known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions”. Shades of Thanksgiving!
Henry W. Brosin, M.D., as quoted in Roche Report of 1/15/68.
See Christopher Lasch's incisive review of five books on this subject, “The Trouble with Black Power”, inThe New York Times, Review of Books, feb. 29, 1968.
For example, pick up any issue of theJournal of Humanistic Psychology or theJournal of Religion and Health or theJournal of Social Issues. T. Szasz's work is most noteworthy.
Spiegel, J., “Some Cultural Aspects of Transference and Countertransference”. In Reisman, F., et al.,Mental Health of the Poor. New York, Free Press of Glencoe, 1964, p. 318.
See Lenski, G.,Power and Privilege. New York, McGraw Hill, 1966. A comprehensive and well-documented theory of the evolution of class differences in various societism. He also gives an interesting analysis of conservative and radical attitudes regarding power and distribution in these cultures.
Glasscote, R. M., et al., “The Community Mental Health Center: An Analysis of Existing Models”, Joint Information Service of the American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D. C., 1964.
Goffman, E.,Asylums. Chicago, Aldine, 1964.
The report by Lloyd Garrison is based on a report by Dr. Thomas Lambo of Nigeria. It is perhaps a paradox that the work is supported by a grant from the NIMH.
Menninger, Karl,The Vital Balance. New York, Viking Press, 1963.
Szasz, T.,The Myth of Mental Illness. New York, Harper & Bros., 1961.
Hentoff, N.,A Doctor among the Addicts. New York, Rand McNally, 1968.
Steinzor, B.,The Healing Partnersbip: the Patient as Colleague in Psychotherapy. New York, Harper & Row, 1967.
Carkhuff, R. R., and Berenson, B. G.,Beyond Counseling and Therapy. New York, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1967.
See Simone de Beauvoir's first two volumes of her autobiography,Memoirs of a Dutiful Daughter andThe Force of Cir cumstances, for direct accounts of how her circle of friends helped each other when in deep distress. Especially moving is her account of some of Sartre's psychic crises.
Goldston, S. E., ed., “Concepts of Community Psychiatry”, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, NIMH, Bethesda, Maryland.
Lambourne, R. A.,Community, Cburch, and Healing. London, Darton, Longmand and Todd, 1963, p. 194.
Though Freud once summarized his psychoanalytic system as a way of understanding how a person can work and love, it is evident that he and most other founders of dynamic systems of mental life largely neglected the meanings a person's work has for his mental health. The muddy concept of sublimation is one illustration. Psychotherapists, at least in their discussion of cases, if not in the clinic room, also gave much more attention to a patient's private affairs.
See his excellent short presentation of his view in “The Culture of Poverty”,Scientific American, Oct., 1966.
Leighton, A. H., “Poverty and Social Change”,Scientific American, May, 1965.
Obviously, I am here taking a less than revolutionary radical position. Though one cannot avoid recognizing that violence of one degree or another always accompanies important social change, it does not follow that one must advocate it. I identify my position with that of the prophetic voice of Dr. King.
Coles, Robert,Children of Crisis. Boston, Little Brown & Co., 1967, is an exceptional work relating social and personal concerns and suffering.
Peggy Way, in a brief but very cogent discussion, shows the correlation between social action and therapy in her contribution “Community Organization and Pastoral Care: Drum Beat for Dialogue”, in “Pastoral Care and the Poor”,Pastoral Psychology, March, 1968.
See Westin, Alan,Privacy and Freedom. New York, Atheneum, 1967. At some critical points, the value of privacy is in tension with the value of selfdisclosure and revelation.
Williams, D. D.,What Present Day Theologians Are Thinking. New York, Harper Chapel Book, 1967, p. 130.
Seeley, J. R.,The Americanization of the Unconscious. New York, International Science Press, 1967, p. 27.
Additional information
This is a revised version of a paper given before the seminar in Religion and Psychiatry conducted by the Rev. Daniel D. Williams, Ph.D., and the author at Union Theological Seminary, spring, 1968.
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Steinzor, B. Love and justice in community psychiatry. J Relig Health 8, 26–46 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01533442
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01533442