Skip to main content
Log in

Interstate banking, bank consolidation, and bank lending to small business

  • Published:
Small Business Economics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Proponents and critics of interstate banking argue over the implications of nationwide banking for bank lending to small business. This study explores the patterns of (1) bank consolidation at the national level and (2) the share of domestic-bank commercial lending extended to small firms, specifically, small manufacturing firms, over the period 1976–90. The evidence indicates that despite the trend toward fewer banking organizations and increased aggregate bank concentration due largely to cross-state expansion by superregional banking organizations, no significant downtrend is observed in the share of domestic-bank credit extended to small manufacturing firms. Nor is there any discernible downtrend in banks' share of borrowing by small manufacturing firms. These results are consistent with the thesis that banking industry consolidation hasnot led to a reduction in the supply of bank credit to small firms, at least within the manufacturing sector.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Amel, Dean F. and Michael J. Jacowski, 1989, ‘Trends in Banking Structure Since the Mid-1970s’,Federal Reserve Bulletin 75 (March), 120–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, John H. and Stanley L. Graham, 1991, ‘Investigating the Banking Consolidation Trend’,Quarterly Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, Spring, 3–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, Brenda G., Gregory E. Elliehausen, and John D., Wolken, 1989, ‘The National Survey of Small Business Finances: Description and Preliminary Evaluation’, Finance and Economics Discussion Series 93, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington, D.C., November.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curry, Timothy J. and John T. Rose, 1986, ‘Bank Holding Company Affiliation and Bank Performance: A Reexamination’,Review of Business and Economic Research 22 (Fall), 80–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunham, Constance R., 1986, ‘Interstate Banking and theOutflow of Local Funds’,New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, March/April, 7–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliehausen, Gregory E. and John D. Wolken, 1990,Banking Markets and the Use of Financial Services by Small and Medium-Sized Businesses, Staff Studies 160, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington, D.C., September.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franzoni, Lauryn, 1990, ‘Large Banks Ardently Court Corporate Market's Lower End’,American Banker, February 9, 6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, Douglas K. and Laura Turner, 1990, ‘A Look at Bank Strategies in the Small-Business Market’,Journal of Retail Banking 12 (Spring), 4–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, Lawrence G. and Gerald A. Hanweck, 1988, ‘What Can We Expect from Interstate Banking’,Journal of Banking and Finance 12 (March), 51–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Houpt, James V., 1988,International Trends for U.S. Banks and Banking Markets, Staff Study 156, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington, D.C., May.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraus, James R., 1990, ‘Foreign Banks Still Seizing Greater U.S. Market Share’,American Banker, February 27, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kutler, Jeffrey, 1991, ‘Forecast for Year 2000: 24% Fewer Banks’,American Banker, October 2, 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laderman, Elizabeth S. and Randall J. Pozdena, 1991, ‘Interstate Banking and Competition: Evidence from the Behavior of Stock Returns’,Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Spring, 32–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang, Nellie and Stephen A. Rhoades, 1988, ‘Geographic Diversification and Risk in Banking’,Journal of Economics and Business 40 (November), 271–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCall, Alan S. and Donald T. Savage, 1981, ‘The Interstate Banking Debate: Another Viewpoint’,Journal of Retail Banking 3 (September), 31–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neustadt, David, 1988, ‘More U.S. Firms Using Foreign Banks: Study’,American Banker, December 27, 16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, John T., 1986, ‘Interstate Banking and Small Business Finance: Implications from Available Evidence’,American Journal of Small Business 11 (Fall), 23–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, John T. and John D. Wolken, 1990, ‘Geographic Diversification in Banking, Market Share Changes, and the Viability of Small Independent Banks’,Journal of Financial Services Research 4 (March), 5–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Savage, Donald T., 1982, ‘Developments in Banking Structure, 1970–81’,Federal Reserve Bulletin 68 (February), 77–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Savage, Donald T., 1989, ‘Interstate Banking Update’,Bankers Magazine, July–August, 28–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shoenhair, John D. and Kenneth Spong, 1990, ‘Interstate Bank Expansion: A Comparison Across Individual States’,Banking Studies, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, 1990 Annual, 1–24.

  • Southern Finance Project, 1991, ‘Nationwide Banking: An Analysis of the Treasury Proposal’, Charlotte, North Carolina, March.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of the Treasury, 1981,Geographic Restrictions on Commercial Banking in the United States, January.

  • U.S. Department of the Treasury, 1991,Modernizing the Financial System: Recommendations for Safer, More Competitive Banks, February.

  • U.S. Small Business Administration, 1987,The State of Small Business, 1987, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rose, J.T. Interstate banking, bank consolidation, and bank lending to small business. Small Bus Econ 5, 197–206 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01531916

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01531916

Keywords

Navigation