Skip to main content
Log in

Interactive scheduling as a constraint satisfiability problem

  • Published:
Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A constraint satisfiability problem consists of a set of variables, their associated domains (i.e., the set of values the variable can take) and a set of constraints on these variables. A solution to the CSP is an instantiation (or labeling) of all the variables which does not violate any of the constraints. Since constraint satisfiability problems are, in general, NP-complete, it is of interest to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of heuristic algorithms as applied, in particular, to our application. Our research effort attempts to determine which algorithms perform best in solving the student scheduling problem (SSP) and under what conditions. We also investigate the probabilistic techniques of Nudel for finding a near-optimal instantiation order for search algorithms, and develop our own modifications which can yield a significant improvement in efficiency for the SSP. Experimental results have been collected and are reported here. Our system was developed for and used at Bar-Ilan University during the registration period, being available for students to construct their timetables.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J.R. Bitner and E.M. Reingold, Backtrack programming techniques, Comm. ACM 18 (1975) 651–655.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Bruynooge, Solving combinatorial search problems by intelligent backtracking, Infor. Process. Lett. 12 (1981).

  3. R. Feldman and M.C. Golumbic, Optimization algorithms for scheduling via constraint satisfiability, IBM Israel Technical Report (Jan. 1989), submitted for publication.

  4. E.C. Freuder, Synthesizing constraint expressions, Comm. ACM 21 (1978) 958–965.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. M.C. Golumbic, Knowledge-based techniques in an academic environment,Proc. Int. Conf. on Courseware and Design and Evaluation, Symp. on Artificial Intelligence and Education, Ramat Gan, Israel (April 1986) pp. 355–362.

  6. M.C. Golumbic, M. Markovich, S. Tsur and U.J. Schild, A knowledge-based expert system for student advising, IEEE Trans. Education E-29 (1986) 120–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. M.C. Golumbic, M. Markovich and M. Tiomkin, A knowledge representation language for university requirements, Decision Support Systems 6 (1990).

  8. R.M. Haralick and G.L. Elliot, Increasing tree search efficiency for constraint satisfaction problems, Artificial Intelligence 14 (1980) 263–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. A.K. Mackworth, Consistency in networks of relations, Artificial Intelligence 8 (1977) 99–118.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. U. Montanari, Networks of constraints: Fundamental properties and applications to picture processing, Information Science 7 (1974) 95–132.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Nishihara and K. Ikeda, A solution algorithm for the consistent labeling problem using the structure of constraints,Proc. 8th IEEE Int. Conf. on Pattern Recognition, Paris (1986) pp. 198–200.

  12. S. Nishihara, Y. Matsuo and K. Ikeda, Optimization and performance evaluation of inexact consistent labeling problem using merge method, J. Jpn. Soc. Artificial Intelligence (1988) 196–205.

  13. B. Nudel, Consistent-labeling problems and their algorithms: expected-complexities and theory-based heuristics, Artificial Intelligence 21 (1983) 135–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. P.W. Purdom, Search rearrangement backtracking and polynomial average time, Artificial Intelligence 21 (1983) 117–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Feldman, R., Golumbic, M.C. Interactive scheduling as a constraint satisfiability problem. Ann Math Artif Intell 1, 49–73 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01531070

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01531070

Keywords

Navigation