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Experimental tests of constitutive relations for polymers undergoing uniaxial shear flows

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Summary

Stress development at the onset of steady shear flow and stress relaxation from steady state were measured in a stiffened Weissenberg Rheogoniometer over wide ranges of shear rate for three polystyrene solutions. Time dependent shear stressσ and first normal stress differenceN 1 were obtained from the torque and axial thrust. From extensive auxiliary tests we believe these data to be free of spurious effects associated with instrument compliance. The solutions have zero shear viscosities of 890, 3900 and 67 000 poise. Tests for consistency with strain rate constitutive models were made using thevan Es-Christensen relation and with relative strain models using theKearsley-Zapas relations. Substantial deviations were found in both cases. TheMarrucci model was also examined. As in theCarreau model B, the predicted start-up curves from theMarrucci model are in general qualitative accord with observations, but some systematic quantitative discrepancies remain.

Zusammenfassung

Der Spannungsaufbau beim Anfahren einer stationären Scherströmung und die Spannungsrelaxation nach dem Anhalten derselben werden in einem steifer gemachten Weissenberg-Rheogoniometer für drei Polystyrol-Lösungen über einem weiten Schergeschwindigkeitsbereich gemessen. Die zeitabhängige Schubspannungσ und die erste NormalspannungsdifferenzN 1 werden aus dem Drehmoment und der Axialverschiebung bestimmt. Aus umfangreichen Nebenuntersuchungen kann man schließen, daß die Ergebnisse von Verfälschungen durch instrumentelle Effekte weitgehend frei sind. Die Lösungen haben Null-Viskositäten von 890, 3900 und 67000 Poise. Für eine Untersuchung der Verträglichkeit der Daten mit Stoffgesetzen vom „strain rate“-Typ wurde dievan Es-Christensen-Gleichung zugrundegelegt, für Stoffgesetze vom „relative strain“-Typ entsprechend dieKearsley-Zapas-Gleichung. In beiden Fällen wurden wesentliche Abweichungen gefunden. Ebenso wurde das Modell vonMarrucci geprüft. Ähnlich wie beimCarreau-Modell B sind die Voraussagen des Anlauf-Verhaltens durch dieses Modell durchgängig in qualitativer Übereinstimmung mit den Beobachtungen, aber einige systematische quantitative Unterschiede sind auch hier vorhanden.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Department, USA

    W. W. Graessley & W. S. Park

  2. Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northwestern University, 60201, Evanston, Illinois, USA

    R. L. Crawley

Authors
  1. W. W. Graessley
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  2. W. S. Park
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  3. R. L. Crawley
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With 15 figures and 1 table

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Graessley, W.W., Park, W.S. & Crawley, R.L. Experimental tests of constitutive relations for polymers undergoing uniaxial shear flows. Rheol Acta 16, 291–301 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01523739

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01523739

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