Abstract
In the present study we demonstrate the ability of allogeneic M3 tumor cells to induce an antitumor response against the syngeneic tumor, when injected locally together with syngeneic B16 melanoma cells. The replacement of the allogeneic tumor cells with either syngeneic or allogeneic splenocytes had no effect on the growth of the syngeneic tumor. Systemic administration of both interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6 did not affect the antitumor response induced by allogeneic tumor cells. When mice, previously injected with B16 and M3 cells, were rechallenged subcutaneously with B16 tumor cells at a different anatomical site, an inhibitory effect in some, but not all, experiments was observed. Systemic injections of either IL-2 or IL-6 did not alter the antitumor effects of the allogeneic and syngeneic tumor-cell mixtures. The significance of our results in developing immunotherapy modalities based on active immunization with allogeneic tumor cells and selected cytokines is discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Belldegrun A, Webb DE, Howard AA, Steinberg AM, Linehan WM, Rosenberg SA (1989) Renal toxicity of interleukin-2 administration in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer: effect of pretherapy nephrectomy. J Urol 141: 499
Eisenthal A, Rosenberg SA (1989) Systemic induction of ADCC following administration of interleukin-2. Cancer Res 49: 6953
Eisenthal A, Rosenberg SA (1989) The effect of various cytokines on the in vitro induction of ADCC in murine cells: enhancement of the IL-2 induced ADCC activity by IL-1. J Immunol 142: 2307
Eisenthal A, Lafreniere R, Lefor AT, Rosenberg SA (1987) The effect of anti B16 melanoma monoclonal antibody on established murine B16 melanoma liver metastases. Cancer Res 47: 2771
Eisenthal A, Shiloni E, Rosenberg SA (1988) Characterization of interleukin-2 induced murine cells which exhibit ADCC activity. Cell Immunol 115: 257
Eisenthal A, Cameron RB, Rosenberg SA (1990) Induction of ADCC in vivo by alpha-IFN and its anti-tumor efficacy against established B16 melanoma liver metastases when combined with specific anti-B16 monoclonal antibody. J Immunol 144: 4463
Eisenthal A, Kashtan H, Rabau M, Ramakrishna V, Chaitchik S, Skornick Y (1993) Antitumor effects of interleukin-6 expressed in eukaryotic cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 36: 101
Fearon ER, Pardoll DM, Itaya T, Golumbek P, Levitsky HI, Simons JW, Karasuyama H, Vogelstein B, Frost P (1990) Interleukin-2 production by tumor cells bypasses T helper function in the generation of an antitumor response. Cell 60: 397
Gehan EA (1965) A generalized Wilcoxon test for comparing arbitrarily single censored samples. Biometrica 52: 203
Gracomini P, Aguzzi A, Pestka S, Fischer PB, Ferrone S (1984) Modulation by recombinant leukocyte (alpha) and fibroblast (beta) interferons of the expression and shadding of HLA- and tumor-associated antigens by human melanoma cells. J Immunol 133: 1649
Grimm EA, Mazumder A, Zhang HZ, Rosenberg SA (1982) Lymphokine activated killer cell phenomenon: lysis of natural killer-resistant fresh solid tumor cells by interleukin 2-activated autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes. J Exp Med 155: 1823
Hart I (1979) The selection and characterization of an invasive variant of the B16 melanoma. Am J Pathol 97: 587
Hauser GJ, Zakuth V, Rosenberg H, Bino T, Spirer Z (1985) Interleukin-2 production by cord blood lymphocytes stimulated with mitogens and in mixed leukocyte culture. J Clin Lab Immunol 16: 371
Hurrel SM, Zarling JM (1983) Lyt2+ effectors cytotoxic for syngeneic tumor cells: generation by allogeneic stimulation and by supernatants from mixed lymphocyte cultures. J Immunol 131: 1017
Itoh K, Tilden AB, Balch CM (1986) Lysis of human solid tumor cells by lymphokine-activated natural killer cells. J Immunol 136: 3910
Kawase I, Komuta K, Namba M, Yokota S, Ogura T, Kishimoto S (1986) Macrophage tumoricidal activity as a possible antitumor mechanism associated with the local injection of allogeneic spleen cells into rat. Cancer Res 46: 1047
Kishimoto T (1985) Factors affecting B-cell growth and differentiation. Annu Rev Immunol 3: 133
Kitahara M, Kishimoto S, Hirano T, Kishimoto T, Okada M (1990) The in-vivo anti-tumor effect of human recombinant interleukin-6. Jpn J Cancer Res 81: 1032
Lefor AT, Eisenthal A, Rosenberg SA (1988) Heterogeneity of lymphokine-activated killer cells induced by IL-2. Separate lymphoid subpopulations lyse tumor, allogeneic blasts and modified syngeneic blasts. J Immunol 140: 4062
Lotze MT, Chang AE, Seipp CA, Simpson C, Vetto JT, Rosenberg SA (1986) High dose recombinant interleukin-2 in the treatment of patients with disseminated cancer: responses treatment related morbidity and histologic findings. J Am Med Assoc 256: 3117
Matory YL, Chang AE, Lipford III EH, Braziel R, Hyatt CL, McDonald HD, Rosenberg SA (1985) Toxicity of recombinant human interleukin-2 in rats following intravenous infusion. J Biol Response Mod 4: 377
Mule JJ, Shu S, Rosenberg SA (1985) The anti-tumor efficacy of lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 in-vivo. J Immunol 135: 646
Mule JJ, Yang JC, Lafreniere R, Shu S, Rosenberg SA (1987) Identification of cellular mechanisms operational in-vivo during the regression of established pulmonary metastases by systemic administration of high dose recombinant interleukin-2. J Immunol 139: 285
Mule JJ, McKintosh JK, Jablons DM, Rosenberg SA (1990) Antitumor activity of recombinant interleukin 6 in mice. J Exp Med 171: 629
Papa MZ, Mule JJ, Rosenberg SA (1986) Anti-tumor efficacy of lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 in-vivo: successful immunotherapy of established pulmonary metastases from weakly immunogenic and non-immunogenic murine tumors of three distinct histologic types. Cancer Res 46: 4973
Parmiani G, Sensi L, Carbone G, Colombo M, Pierotti M, Ballinari D, Hilgers J, Hilkens J (1982) Cross-reactivity between tumor cells and allogeneic normal tissues. Inhibition of a syngeneic lymphoma outgrowth in H-2 and non H-2 alloimmune Balb/c. Int J Cancer 29: 323
Rosenberg SA, Grimm EA, McGrogan M, Doyle M, Kawasaki E, Koths K, Mark DF (1984) Biological activity of recombinant human interleukin 2 produced inEscherichia coli. Science 223: 1412
Rosenberg SA, Lotze MT, Muul LM, Leitman S, Chang AE, Ettinghausen SE, Matory YL, Skibber JM, Shiloni E, Vetto JT, Seipp CA, Simpson C, Reichert CM (1985) Observations on the systemic administration of autologous lymphokine activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 in patients with metastatic cancer. N Engl J Med 313: 1485
Rosenberg SA, Mule JJ, Spiess PJ, Reichert CM, Schwarz SL (1985) Regression of established pulmonary metastases and subcutaneous tumor mediated by the systemic administration of high-dose recombinant interleukin 2. J Exp Med 161: 1169
Rosenberg SA, Spiess PJ, Lafreniere R (1986) A new approach to adoptive immunotherapy of cancer with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Science 233: 1318
Rosenberg SA, Packard BS, et al (1988) Use of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and interleukin-2 in the immunotherapy of patients with metastatic melanoma. A preliminary report. N Engl J Med 319: 1676
Schirrmacher V, Leidig S, Griesbach A (1991) In situ activation of syngeneic tumour-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes: intra-pinna immunization followed by restimulation in the peritoneal cavity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 33: 299
Spiess PJ, Yang JC, Rosenberg SA (1988) Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes expanded in recombinant interleukin-2 mediate potent antitumor activity in-vivo. Cancer Res 48: 206
Steller EP, Eggermont AMM, Matthews W, Sugarbacker PH (1986) Recruitment of inflammatory cells to a tumor deposit potentiates the immunotherapeutic effects of interleukin-2. Cancer Immunol Immunother 23: 165
Stovroff MC, Fraker DL, Swedenborg JA, Norton JA (1988) Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor: a possible mediator of cancer anorexia in the rat. Cancer Res 48: 4567
Topelian SL, Muul LM, Solomon D, Rosenberg SA (1987) Expansion of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes for use in immunotherapy trials. J Immunol Methods 102: 127
Utsumi K, Takai Y, Tada T, Ohzeki S, Fujiwara H, Hamaoka T (1990) Enhanced production of IL-6 in tumor-bearing mice and determination of cells responsible for its augmented production. J Immunol 145: 397
Weber JS, Rosenberg SA (1988) Modulation of murine tumor MHC antigens by cytokines in-vivo and in-vitro. Cancer Res 48: 5818
Weber JS, Jay G, Tanaka K, Rosenberg SA (1987) Immunotherapy of a murine tumor with interleukin-2: increased sensitivity after MHC class I gene transfection. J Exp Med 166: 1716
Weiden PL, Fluornoy N, Thomas ED, Prentice R, Fefer A, Buchner CD, Storb R (1979) Antileukemic effect of graft-versus-host discase in human recipients of allogeneic-marrow grafts. N Engl J Med 300: 1068
Yang JJ, Perry-Lalley D, Rosenberg SA (1990) An improved method for growing murine tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with in-vivo antitumor activity. J Biol Response Mod 9: 149
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This study was supported by a grant from the Israeli Cancer Association
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Eisenthal, A., Skornick, Y., Merimsky, O. et al. Effect of allogeneic tumor cells, interleukin-2 and interleukin-6, on the growth of subcutaneous syngeneic tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 37, 233–239 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01518516
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01518516