Abstract
Mating between a diploid male and a diploid female ofBombus atratus produced fertile triploid F1 females. The F2 descendents of these virgin females were composed of haploid males (10), diploid males (4), aneuploid males (3) and intersexes (2). These data indicate that sex is produced by a balance between male determining and female determining genes: they, also, suggest that the number of sex genes are not large.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chaud Netto, J., (1972). Operárias triplóides emApis mellifera. Vol. em homenagem a Warwick E. Kerr, pp. 63–70.
Crozier, R. H., (1971). Heterozygosity and Sex Determination in Haplo-Diploidy.Am. Nat. 105 (945): 399–412.
Cunha, A. &W. E. Kerr, (1957). A genetical theory to explain sex-determination by arrhenotocous parthenogenesis.Forma et Functio 1 (4): 33–36.
Free, J. B. &C. G. Butler, (1959). Bumblebees. Collins, London.
Frison, T. H. (1927). The fertilization and hibernation of queen bumblebees under controlled conditions.J. econ. Ent. 20: 522–527.
Garófalo, C. A. (1973). Occurrence of diploid drones in a neotropical bumblebee.Experientia 29 (6): 726–727.
Kerr, W. E., (1973). Advances in cytology and genetics of bees.A. Rev. Ent. 19: 253–268.
Mackensen, O., (1951). Viability and sex determination in the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.).Genetics 36 (5): 500–509.
Smith, S. G. &D. R. Wallace, (1971). Allelic sex determination in a lower hymenopteraNeodiprion nigroscutum Midd.Can. Y. Genet. Cytol. 13: 617–621.
Tarelho, Z. V. S., (1973). Contribuição ao estudo citogenético dos Apoidea. Dissertação de Mestrado. Fac. Med. de Ribeirão Preto (USP) 112 p.
Torvik-Greb, M., (1935). The chromosomes ofHabrobracon.Biol. Bull. 58: 25–34.
Whiting, P. W., (1939). Sex determination and reproductive economy inHabrobracon.Genetics 24: 110–111.
Whiting, P. W., (1940). Multiple alleles in sex determination ofHabrobracon.J. Morph. 66: 323–355.
Whiting, P. W., (1943). Multiple alleles in complementary sex determination ofHebrobracon.Genetics 28 (5): 365–382.
Whiting, P. W., (1945). The evolution of male haploidy.Q. Rev. Biol. 20: 231–260.
Whiting, P. W., (1960). Polyploidy in Mormoniella.Genetics 45: 949–970.
Woyke, J., (1962). The hatchability of “lethal” eggs in a two sex-allele fraternity of honeybees.J. Apic. Res. 1: 6–13.
Woyke, J., (1963). Drone larvae from fertilized eggs of the honeybees.J. Apic. Res. 1: 19–24.
Zucchi, R., (1966). Aspectos evolutivos do comportamento social entre abelhas. Reunião Anual Soc. Brasil. Genética. Programa e resumos: pp. 6–9 (Piracicaba).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Garófalo, C.A., Estevam Kerr, W. Sex determination in bees. I. Balance between femaleness and maleness genes inBombus atratus franklin (Hymenoptera,Apidae). Genetica 45, 203–209 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01517196
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01517196