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Das Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System in pathophysiologischer Sicht

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Zusammenfassung

Es wird versucht, einen Überblick über die pathophysiologischen Regulationsmechanismen des Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Systems (RAAS) zu geben.

Zunächst wird die Anatomie des iuxtaglomerulären Apparates besprochen. Dann wird auf diejenigen Substanzen eingegangen, die zur Synthese und zum Abbau von Angiotensin II von Bedeutung sind, nämlich Renin, Angiotensinogen, Angiotensin I, converting enzyme und die Angiotensinasen. Die Methodik der Renin- bzw. Angiotensinbestimmung wird kurz angeführt.

Die Wirkungen des Hormons Angiotensin II auf das Herz-Kreislaufsystem, die Niere, die Nebenniere, das vegetative Nervensystem und den Katecholaminstoffwechsel werden beschrieben.

Schließlich werden die Untersuchungen erläutert, die bezüglich der Regulation der Reninsekretion durchgeführt wurden, so vor allem die Baroreceptor- und Macula densa-Theorie sowie eine neue „Zwei-Wege-Hahn-Theorie“, welche die wesentlichsten Befunde in einleuchtender Weise zu erklären versucht.

Anhand der Diuretikawirkung auf das RAAS wird jedoch hervorgehoben, daß anscheinend noch weitere regulative Vorgänge, insbesondere humorale Stimuli, an der Reninfreisetzung beteiligt sein müssen.

Summary

The attempt has been made to give an over-all view of the pathophysiological regulatory mechanisms of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS).

First, the anatomy of the iuxtaglomerular apparatus is discussed. Then those substances are considered which are important to the synthesis and decomposition of angiotensin II, namely renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin I, converting enzyme and the angiotensinases. The renin- respectively angiotensin determination method is briefly cited.

The effects of the hormone angiotensin II on the heart and circulatory system, the kidneys, the adrenal glands, the vegetative nervous system and catecholamine metabolism are described.

Finally, those experiments are cited which have been carried out concerning the regulation of renin secretion, especially the baroreceptor- and macula densa theory. A new „two way tap theory“ which attempts to explain the important findings in an enlightening way is also noted.

However, considering the effect of diuretics on the RAAS, it is emphasized that still further regulatory mechanisms, especially humoral stimuli, must be participant in renin release.

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Werning, C., Siegenthaler, W. Das Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System in pathophysiologischer Sicht. Klin Wochenschr 47, 1247–1255 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01487550

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