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Die myogene Basis der glattmuskulären Motorik

The myogenic basis of smooth muscle motility

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Summary

Many mammalian smooth muscle tissues are able to produce spontaneous, myogenic activity. Five types of phasic-rhythmic activity can be distinguished: 1) Spikes: brief depolarizations of the membrane which trigger calcium release and contraction; 2) oscillations of the membrane potential of the second-rhythm type (SR) generating the spikes; 3) various organ-specific rhythms such as gastric and ureteral peristalsis which can be grouped together as basic organ-specific rhythms (BOR); 4) slower fluctuations of the minute-rhythm type (MR); 5) an hour-rhythm (HR) as the slowest type. In addition, some tissues generate tonic activity by special processes which can operate without spike discharges of the cell membrane. A selective blockade of phasic and tonic components is possible with some members of the group of so-called calcium antagonists. This indicates that two different calcium activation systems exist in the membrane of smooth muscle cells (P-and T-systems). Selective P- and T-blockade offers new possibilities for pharmacological influences on the smooth muscle system.

Zusammenfassung

Viele glattmuskuläre Gewebe der Säugetiere sind in der Lage, aus sich selbst heraus, myogen-automatisch, Aktivität zu produzieren. Dabei lassen sich 5 Typen phasisch-rhythmischer Aktivität unterscheiden: 1) Spikes: impulshafte Depolarisationen, welche Freisetzung von Calcium und Kontraktion auslösen; 2) sekundenrhythmische Oszillationen des Membranpotentials (SR), welche den Generatorprozeß der Spikes darstellen; 3) verschiedene organspezifische Funktionsrhythmen wie Magen- und Ureterperistaltik, die sich zur Gruppe der basalen organspezifischen Rhythmen (BOR) zusammenfassen lassen; 4) langsamere Schwankungen im Minuten-Rhythmus (MR); 5) ein Stunden-Rhythmus (HR) als langsamstes Ereignis. Daneben verfügen manche Gewebe über besondere Prozesse zur Auslösung einer anhaltend-tonischen Aktivität, die auch ohne Spike-Entladungen der Zellmembran ablaufen können. Mit verschiedenen Stoffen aus der Gruppe der sogenannten Calcium-Antagonisten lassen sich phasische und tonische Aktivitätskomponenten selektiv unterdrükken, was auf die Existenz von zwei verschiedenen Calcium-Aktivierungssystemen in der Membran der glatten Muskelzellen schließen läßt (P- und T-Systeme). Die selektive Blockade dieser P- und T-Systeme eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten pharmakologischtherapeutischer Eingriffe in das glattmuskuläre System.

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  1. Physiologisches Institut der Universität Marburg/Lahn, Germany

    K. Golenhofen

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Nach einem Vortrag auf der Tagung der Deutschen Physiologischen Gesellschaft, Regensburg, September 1976

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Golenhofen, K. Die myogene Basis der glattmuskulären Motorik. Klin Wochenschr 56, 211–224 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01477827

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