Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Immunglobulin E

Immunoglobulin E. biochemical, immunological properties and clinical significance

Biochemische, immunologische Eigenschaften und klinische Bedeutung

  • Übersichten
  • Published:
Klinische Wochenschrift Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Immunoglobulin E represents a heat-sensitive glycoproteid which consists of two class-specific heavy (epsilon) and 2 light polypeptide chains. Biologically it is capable of tissue fixation and sensitization in man (Prausnitz-Küstner reaction) and animal (passive cutaneous anaphylaxy). After fixation of IgE through its Fc-portion to tissue mast cells or basophile granulocytes, an activation of enzyme systems is initiated through the reaction with a specific antigen (allergen, atopen), or directly by anti-IgE-antibody leading to the liberation of vasoactive substances, which correlates with clinical allergies of the immediate type in the skin and mucosa. IgE is produced preferentially by plasma cells in the tonsils and adenoids, in bronchial and peritoneal lymph nodes, in respiratory, gastrointestinal and nasal mucosa. Unbound IgE can be found in serum, urine, sputum, nasal and bronchial secretions and in tears as well as in colostrum, but does not pass through the placenta. The normal average serum concentration in adults corresponds to 100–500 ng/ml and 80–200 U/ml respectively. Increased levels are mainly encountered in allergic (atopic) diseases (asthma, hay fever), atopic eczema (Neurodermitis diffusa) and some parasitic infections. Decreased levels were reported in various cases of hypo/agammaglobulinemia, tumours and other diseases.

Besides the disadvantageous function of IgE during allergic manifestations, its protective role on the mucosa has been postulated but not proven until now.

Zusammenfassung

Immunglobulin E ist ein hitzelabiles Glykoproteid und besteht aus 2 klassenspezifischen schweren (ε) und 2 leichten Polypeptidketten. Als biologische Eigenschaft besitzt es die Fähigkeit zur Gewebsfixierung und-sensibilisierung bei Mensch (Prausnitz-Küstner-Reaktion) und Tier (passive kutane Anaphylaxie). Nach Bindung von IgE mit dem Fc-Stück an Gewebsmastzellen oder basophile Granulocyten kommt es bei Reaktion mit einem spezifischen Antigen (Allergen, Atopen) oder direkt mit einem Anti-IgE-Antikörper über eine Enzymaktivierung in den Trägerzellen zur Freisetzung vasoaktiver Substanzen unter dem klinischen Bild einer Allergie vom Soforttyp in Haut und Schleimhaut. IgE wird vorwiegend in Plasmazellen der Tonsillen und Adenoide, in Bronchial- und Peritoneal-Lymphknoten, in der Respirations-, Gastrointestinal- und Nasalschleimhaut gebildet. Als freies IgE kann es in Serum, Urin, Sputum, Nasen-, Bronchialsekret und der Tränenflüssigkeit sowie im Kolostrum nachgewiesen werden, passiert aber nicht die Plazenta. Die normale Serumkonzentration liegt beim Erwachsenen im Mittel zwischen 100 und 500 ng/ml bzw. 80–200 E/ml. Eine Vermehrung wird hauptsächlich bei allergischen (atopischen Erkrankungen (Asthma, Heufieber), bei atopischem Ekzem (Neurodermitis diffusa) und einigen parasitären Erkrankungen beobachtet. Eine IgE-Spiegel-Erniedrigung wurde bei verschiedenen Hypo-/A-γ-Globulinämien, bei Tumoren und anderen Krankheitsbildern beschrieben. Neben der bei allergischen Prozessen oft nachteiligen Wirkung von IgE ist seine postulierte Schleimhautschutzfunktion bisher nicht erwiesen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literatur

  1. Aas, K., Johansson, S. G. O.: The radioallergosorbent test in the in vitro diagnosis of multiple reaginic allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.48, 134 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Amman, A. J., Cain, W. A., Ishizaka, K., Hong, R., Good, R. A.: Immunoglobulin E deficiency in ataxiateleangiectasia. New Engl. J. Med.281, 469 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Amman, A. J., Hong, R., Good, R. A.: Letter to the editor New Engl. J. Med.283, 542 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Arbesman, C. E., Girard, J. P., Rose, N. R.: Demonstration of human reagin in the monkey. II. In vitro passive sensitization of monkey ileum with sera of untreated atopic patients. J. Allergy35, 535 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Arbesman, C. E., Tse, K. S., Wicher, K.: Antibodies to ragweed in external secretion (Abstr.). J. Allergy45, 107 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Arbesman, C. E., Ito, K.: A new method for measuring IgE (Abstr.). J. Allergy47, 85 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Assem, E. S. K., Schild, H. O.: Inhibition by sympathomimetic amines of histamine release induced by antigen in passively sensitized human lung. Nature (Lond.)224, 1028 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Augustin, R., Connolly, R. C., Lloyd, G. M.: Atopic reagin as a prototype of cytophilic antibodies. Aus: Protides Biol. Fluids, Proc. 11th Coll. Bruges 1963, p. 56, H. Peeters (ed.). Amsterdam: Elseviers 1964

    Google Scholar 

  9. Augustin, R.: Demonstration of reagins in the serum of allergic subjects. Aus WEIR, Handbook of experimental immunology, p. 1076. Oxford-Edinburgh: Blackwell 1967

    Google Scholar 

  10. Augustin, R., Chandradasa, K. D.: IgE levels and allergic skin reactions in cancer and non cancer patients. Int. Arch. Allergy41, 141 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Axen, R., Porath, J.: Chemical coupling of enzymes to cross-linked dextran (Sephadex). Nature (Lond.)210, 367 (1966)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Ball, P. A. J., Voller, A., Taffs, L. F.: Hypersensitivity to some nematode antigens. Brit. med. J.1971 I, 210

    Google Scholar 

  13. Barratt, T. M., Turner, M. W., Johansson, S. G. O.: Urinary excretion of immunoglobulin E in the nephrotic syndrome and atopic eczema. Lancet1971 II, 402

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bauer, H., Zvaifler, N. J., Robinson, J. O.: IgE immunoglobulin in the rabbit. The histopathology of the homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction. Lab. Invest.26, 448 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Bazaral, M., Orgel, H. A., Hamburger, R. N.: IgE levels in normal infants and mothers and an inheritance hypothesis. J. Immunol.107, 794 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Bazaral, M., Hamburger, R. N.: Standardization and stability of immunoglobulin E (IgE). J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.49, 189 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bennich, H., Johansson, S. G. O.: Studies on a new class of human immunoglobulins. II. Chemical and physical properties. Aus Nobel Sympos. 3: Gamma globulins, structure and control of biosynth. p. 199, Ed. Killander. Stockholm: J. Almquist and Wiksel 1967

    Google Scholar 

  18. Bennich, H., Ishizaka, K., Johansson, S. G. O., Rowe, D. S., Stanworth, D. R., Terry, W. D.: Immunoglobulin E. A new class of human immunoglobulin. Immunochemistry5, 327 (1968)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Bennich, H., Ishizaka, K., Johansson, S. G. O., Rowe, D. S., Stanworth, D. R., Terry, W. D.: Immunoglobulin E, a new class of human immunoglobulin Bull. Wld Hlth Org.38, 151 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bennich, H., Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T., Johansson, S. G. O.: A comparative antigenic study of gamma E globulin and myeloma IgND. J. Immunol.102, 826 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Bennich, H., Johansson, S. G. O.: Immunoglobulin E and immediate hypersensitivity. Vox Sang. (Basel)19, 1 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Bennich, H., Johansson, S. G. O.: Structure and function of human immunoglobulin E. Advanc. Immunol.13, 1 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Berg, T., Johansson, S. G. O.: IgE concentrations in children with atopic diseases. Int. Arch. Allergy36, 219 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Berg, T., Johansson, S. G. O.: Immunoglobulin levels during childhood, with special regard to IgE. Acta paediat. scand.58, 513 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Berg, T., Bennich, H., Johansson, S. G. O.: In vitro diagnosis of atopic allergy. I. A comparison between provocation tests and the radioallergosorbent test. Int. Arch. Allergy40, 770 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Berg, T., Johansson, S. G. O.: In vitro diagnosis of atopic allergy. IV. Seasonal variations of IgE antibodies in children allergic to pollens. A study of nontreated children and of children treated with inhalation of disodium cromoglycate. Int. Arch. Allergy41, 452 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Berg, T., Johansson, S. G. O.: In vitro diagnosis of atopic allergy. II. IgE and reaginic antibodies during and after rush desensitization. Int. Arch. Allergy41, 434 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Berglund, G., Finnström, O., Johansson, S. G. O., Möller, K. L.: Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. A study of 6 cases with determination of the immunoglobulins A, D, G, M and ND. Acta paediat. scand.57, 89 (1968)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Biggar, D., Lapointe, N., Ishizaka, K., Meuwissen, H., Good, R. A., Frommel, D.: IgE in ataxia-teleangiectasia and family members. Lancet1970 II, 1089

    Google Scholar 

  30. Brauninger, C. E., Centifanto, Y. M.: Immunoglobulin E in human tears. Amer. J. Ophthal.72, 558 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Brostoff, J., Greaves, M. F., Roitt, I. M.: IgE in lymphoid cells from pollen-stimulated cultures. Lancet1969 I, 803

    Google Scholar 

  32. Buckley, R. H., Wray, B. B., Belmaker, E. Z.: Extreme hyperimmunoglobulinemia E and undue susceptibility to infection (Abstr.). J. Allergy47, 108 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Cain, W. A., Ammann, A. J., Hong, R.: IgE-deficiency associated with chronic sinopulmonary infection (Abstr.). J. clin. Invest.48, 12a (1969)

  34. Callerame, M. L., Condemi, J. J., Bohrod, M. G., Vaughn, J. H.: Immunologic reactions of bronchial tissues in asthma. New Engl. J. Med.284, 459 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Callerame, M. L., Condemi, J. J., Ishizaka, K., Johansson, S. G. O., Vaughn, J. H.: Immunoglobulins in bronchial tissues from patients with asthma, with special reference to immunoglobulin E. J. Allergy47, 187 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Cann, J. R., Loveless, M. H.: Biophysical characterization of reaginic and blocking sera. J. Allergy28, 379 (1957)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Carrel, S., Theilkäs, L., Morell, A., Skavril, F., Barandun, S.: Isolation of normal immunoglobulin E by means of an immunoadsorbent. Biochem. J.122, 405 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Catt, K., Niall, H. D., Tregear, G. W.: Solid phase radioimmunoassay. Nature (Lond.)213, 825 (1967)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Catt, K., Tregear, G. W.: Solid-phase radioimmunoassay in antibody-coated tubes. Science158, 1570 (1967)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Catt, K. J.: Radioimmunoassay with antibody-coated discs and tubes. Karolinska Symposia on research methods in reproductive endocrinology. 1st Symposium, Immunoassay of gonadotrophins. Sept. 1969. Acta endocr. (Kbh.), Suppl.142, 222 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Centifanto, Y. M., Kaufmann, H. E.: A simplified method for measuring human IgE. J. Immunol.107, 608 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Ceska, M., Bergland, A., Lundkvist, U., Grossmüller, F.: Influence of the degree of iodination and storage time on the immunological activity of125I-IgE. Immunochemistry9, 565 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Ceska, M., Lundkvist, U.: A new and simple radio-immunoassay method for the determination of IgE. Immunochemistry9, 1021 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Coca, A. F., Cooke, R. A.: On the classification of the phenomena of hypersensitiveness. J. Immunol.8, 163 (1923)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Connell, J. T., Sherman, W. B.: Skin-sensitizing antibody. III. Relationship of the skin-sensitizing antibody titer to the intracutaneous skin test, to the tolerance of injections of antigens and to the effects of prolonged treatment with antigen. J. Allergy35, 169 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Connell, J. T.: Morphologic changes in eosinophils in allergic disease. J. Allergy41, 1 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Debelic, M., Virchow, C., Möller, E., Lipinski, C.: Immunglobulin E — Diagnostische Bedeutung der Serum-spiegelbestimmung bei unspezifischen Atemwegerkrankungen. Schweiz. med. Wschr.102, 1442 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. De Bernardo, R., Lichtenstein, L. M., Ishizaka, T., Ishizaka, K.: The distribution and releasability of histamine in human leukocytes (Abstr.). J. Allergy47, 119 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Donovan, R., Johansson, S. G. O., Bennich, H., Soothill, J. F.: Immunoglobulins in nasal polyp fluid. Int. Arch. Allergy37, 154 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Evans, D. P., Thomson, D. S.: Histamine release from rat mast cells passively sensitized with homocytotropic (IgE) antibody. Int. Arch. Allergy43, 217 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Evans, R., Reisman, R. E., Wypych, J. I., Arbesman, C. E.: An immunologic evaluation of ragweed-sensitive patients by newer techniques. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.49, 285 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Fagerberg, E., Wide, L.: Diagnosis of hypersensitivity to dog epithelium in patients with asthma bronchiale. Int. Arch. Allergy39, 301 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Feizi, T.: Cold agglutinins, the direct Coombs test and serum immunoglobulins in mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.143, 801 (1967)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Felarca, A. B., Lowell, F. C.: The accumulation of eosinophils and basophils at skin sites as related to intensity of skin reactivity and symptoms in atopic disease. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.48, 125 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Fernald, G. W., Clyde, W. A., Denny, F. W.: Nature of the immune response to mycoplasma pneumoniae. J. Immunol.98, 1028 (1967)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Fishkin, B. G., Orloff, N., Scaduto, L. E., Borucki, D. T., Spiegelberg, H. L.: IgE multiple myeloma: a report of the third case. Blood39, 361 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Fitch, K. D., Turner, K. J., Morton, A. R.: The relationship between serum IgE levels and exercise induced asthma. Ann. of Allergy30, 497 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Foucard, T., Johansson, S. G. O., Bennich, H., Berg, T.: In vitro estimation of allergens by a radioimmune antiglobulin technique using human IgE antibodies. Int. Arch. Allergy43, 360 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Gerber, M. A., Paronetto, F.: IgE in glomeruli of patients with nephrotic syndrome. Lancet1971I, 1097

  60. Gerber, M. A., Paronetto, F., Kochwa, S.: Immunohistochemical localization of IgE in asthmatic lungs. Amer. J. Path.62, 339 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Gillman, S. A., Haddad, Z. H.: Histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells after passive sensitization with human reaginic serum or E myeloma protein. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.50, 131 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Gleich, G. J., Averback, A. M., Swedlund, H. A.: Concentration of IgE in serum of normal and allergic individuals (Abstr.). J. Allergy45, 108 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Gleich, G. J., Averback, A. K., Swedlund, H. A.: Measurement of IgE in normal and allergic serum by radio-immunoassay. J. Lab. clin. Med.77, 690 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Goldmann, A. S., Haggard, M. E., McFadden, J.: Thymic alymphoplasia, lymphoma and dysgamma-globulinemia, hypergamma-A-, normogamma-M-, hypogamma-G-, agamma-D-, and gamma-E-globulinemia, plasmacytosis, normal delayed hypersensitivity, severe allergic reactions and Coombs positive anemia. Pediatrics39, 348 (1967)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Götz, H., Kirschbaum, R.: Die Immunglobuline Gamma D (IgD) und Gamma E (IgE). Struktur, Funktion und klinische Bedeutung. Med. Klin.66, 1749 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Good, R. A., Choi, Y. S.: Relation of IgA and IgE to bodily defenses. New Engl. J. Med.284, 552 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Goodfriend, D., Kovacs, B. A., Rose, B.: In vitro sensitization of monkey lung fragments with human ragweed atopic serum. Int. Arch. Allergy30, 511 (1966)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Greaves, M. W., Fairley, V. M., Yamamoto, S.: Release of histamine from skin during in vitro anaphylaxis. Int. Arch. Allergy41, 932 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Greaves, M. W., Yamamoto, S., Fairley, V. M.: New in vitro test for IgE-mediated hypersensitivity in man. Brit. med. J.1972II, 623

  70. Greaves, M. W., Yamamoto, S., Fairley, V. M.: IgE-mediated hypersensitivity in human skin studied using a new in vitro method. Immunology23, 239 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Greenwood, F. C., Hunter, W. M., Glover, J. S.: The preparations of131J labeled human growth hormone of high specific radioactivity. Biochem. J.89, 114 (1963)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Haddad, Z. H., Osgood, K., Korotzer, J., Peetoom, F., Ishizaka, K.: Immune deficiency and IgE. Lancet1970I, 627

  73. Haddad, Z. H., Lopapa, A., Korotzer, J.: Direct demonstration of human immunoglobulin E (IgE) on rat mast cells after passive sensitization in vitro (Abstr.). J. Allergy47, 88 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  74. Haddad, Z. H., Korotzer, J. L.: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to food antigens. Detection of human IgE antibodies in vitro and exploration of immunologic mechanism using rat mast cell system. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.49, 210 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Halliwell, R. E. W., Schwartzman, R. N., Rockey, J. H.: Antigenic relationship between human IgE and canine IgE. Clin. exp. Immunol.10, 399 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Hamburger, R. N., Bazaral, M.: IgE levels in asthmatics. Brit. med. J.1972I, 178

  77. Heiner, D. C., Rose, B.: Elevated levels of IgE in conditions other than classical allergy. J. Allergy45, 30 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Henderson, L. L, Swedlund, H. A., Dellen, R. G. van, Marcoux, J. P., Carryer, H. M., Peters, G. A., Gleich, G. J.: Evaluation of IgE tests in an allergy practice. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.48, 361 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Heremans, J. F., Vaerman, J. P.: Beta-2 A-Globulin as a possible carrier of allergic reagine activity. Nature (Lond.)193, 1091 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  80. Hirsch, S. R., Zastrow, J. E.: Basophil degranulation: a new method of observation and its correlation with skin testing. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.50, 338 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Hobbs, J. R., Hepner, G. W., Douglas, A. P., Crabbe, P. A., Johansson, S. G. O.: Immunological mystery of coeliac disease. Lancet1969II, 649

  82. Hobday, J. D., Cake, M., Turner, K. J.: A comparison of the immunoglobulins IgA, IgG and IgE in nasal secretions from normal and asthmatic children. Clin. exp. Immunol.9, 577 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Hogarth-Scott, R. S., Johansson, S. G. O., Bennich, H.: Antibodies to Toxocara in the sera of visceral Larva migrans patients: the significance of raised levels of IgE. Clin. exp. Immunol.5, 619 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Hogarth-Scott, R. S., Howlett, B. J., McNicol, K. N., Simons, M. J., Williams, H. E.: IgE levels in the sera of asthmatic children. Clin. exp. Immunol.9, 571 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Honsinger, R. W., Jr., Silverstein, D., Arsdel, P. P. van, Jr.: The eosinophil and allergy: Why? J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.49, 142 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Houser, D. D., Arbesman, C. E., Ito, K., Wicher, K.: Cold urticaria immunologic studies. Amer. J. Med.49, 23 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Houser, D. D., Arbesman, C. E., Ito, K., Wicher, K.: Further studies of cold urticaria (Abstr.). J. Allergy45, 121 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  88. Hubscher, D., Eisen, A. H.: Allergen binding to human peripheral leukocytes (Abstr.). J. Allergy47, 86 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  89. Humphrey, J. H., White, R. G.: Kurzes Lehrbuch der Immunologie, S. 113, S. 282, Hrsg. E. Macher. Stuttgart: Thieme 1971

    Google Scholar 

  90. Hunder, G. G., Gleich, G.: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthr. and Rheum.14, 389 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  91. Hunter, W. M., Greenwood, F. C.: Preparation of iodine-131 labelled human growth hormone of high activity. Nature (Lond.)194, 495 (1962)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T.: Physicochemical properties of reaginic antibody. I. Association of reaginic activity with an immunoglobulin other than IgA or IgG. J. Allergy37, 169 (1966)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T.: Physicochemical properties of reaginic antibody. III. Further studies on the reaginic antibody in IgA-globulin preparation. J. Allergy38, 108 (1966)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T., Hornbrook, M. M.: Physicochemical properties of reaginic antibody. V. Correlation of reaginic activity with gamma E globulin antibody. J. Immunol.97, 840 (1966)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T., Hornbrook, M. M.: Physico-chemical properties of human reaginic antibody. IV. Presence of a unique immunoglobulin as a carrier of reaginic activity. J. Immunol.97, 75 (1966)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T., Lee, E.: Physicochemical properties of reaginic antibody. II. Characteristic properties of reaginic antibody different from IgA-isohemagglutinin and IgD-globulin. J. Allergy37, 336 (1966)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T.: Identification of gamma E antibodies as a carrier of reaginic activity. J. Immunol.99, 1187 (1967)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T., Arbesman, E. C.: Induction of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in monkeys by human IgE-antibody. J. Allergy39, 254 (1967)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T., Hornbrook, M. M.: Allergen-binding activity of IgE and IgG and IgA antibodies in sera from atopic patients. In vitro measurements of reaginic antibody. J. Immunol.98, 490 (1967)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T., Menzel, A. E. O.: Physicochemical properties of reaginic antibody. VI. Effect of heat on gamma E-, gamma G- and gamma A-antibodies in the sera of ragweed sensitive patients. J. Immunol.99, 610 (1967)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T., Terry, W. D.: Antigenic structure of gamma E-globulin and reaginic antibody. J. Immunol.99, 849 (1967)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T.: Human reaginic antibodies and immunoglobulin E. J. Allergy42, 330 (1968)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T.: Induction of erythema-wheel reactions by soluble antigen-gamma E -antibody complexes in humans. J. Immunol.101, 68 (1968)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T.: Reversed type allergic skin reactions by anti-gamma E-globulin antibodies in humans and monkeys. J. Immunol.100, 554 (1968)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T.: Physicochemical properties of human reaginic antibodies. VII. Effect of reduction and alkylation on gamma E antibodies. J. Immunol.102, 69 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Ishizaka, T., Ishizaka, K., Bennich, H., Johansson, S. G. O.: Immune mechanisms of human reagninic hypersensitivity by gamma E. Fed. Proc.28, 377 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  107. Ishizaka, T., Ishizaka, K., Johansson, S. G. O., Bennich, H.: Histamine release from human leucocytes by anti-gamma E-antibodies. J. Immunol.102, 884 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T., Tada, T.: Immunoglobulin E in the monkey. J. Immunol.103, 445 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T.: Biological function of gamma E antibodies and mechanisms of reaginic hypersensitivity. Clin. exp. Immunol.6, 25 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T.: The significance of immunoglobulin E in reaginic hypersensitivity. Ann. Allergy28, 189 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Ishizaka, T., Ishizaka, K., Bennich, H., Johansson, S. G. O.: Biologic activities of aggregated immunoglobulin E. J. Immunol.104, 854 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T., Lee, E. H.: Biologic function of the Fc portion of gamma E molecules. (Abstr.) Fed. Proc.29, 575 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  113. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T., Lee, E. H.: Biologic function of the Fc fragments of E myeloma protein. Immunochemistry7, 687 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Ishizaka, T., Ishizaka, K., Orange, R. P., Austen, K. F.: Pharmacologic inhibition of antigen-induced release of histamine and slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) mediated by human gamma E antibody (Abstr.). Fed. Proc.29, 575 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  115. Ishizaka, T., Ishizaka, K., Orange, R. P., Austen, K. F.: The capacity of human immunoglobulin E to mediate the release of histamine and slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) from monkey lung. J. Immunol.104, 335 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Ishizaka, K., Newcomb, R. W.: Presence of gamma E in nasal washings and sputum from asthmatic patients. J. Allergy46, 197 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Ishizaka, K., Tomioka, H., Ishizaka, T.: Mechanisms of passive sensitization. I. Presence of IgE and IgG molecules on human leukocytes. J. Immunol.105, 1459 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Ishizaka, K., Tomioka, H., Ishizaka, T.: Presence of gamma E and gamma G molecules on human leukocytes. (Abstr.). J. Allergy45, 98 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  119. Ishizaka, K., Ishizaka, T.: Mechanism of reaginic hypersensitivity. A review. Clin. Allergy1, 9 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Ishizaka, T., Tomioka, H., Ishizaka, K.: Degranulation of human basophil leukocytes and antigamma E antibody J. Immunol.106, 705 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Ishizaka, T., DeBernardo, R., Tomioka, H., Lichtenstein, L. M., Ishizaka, K.: Identification of basophil granulocytes as a site of allergic histamine release. J. Immunol.108, 1000 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Ito, K., Wicher, K., Arbesman, C. E.: Comparison of two myeloma IgE by monkey antiserum to human IgE. Int. Arch. Allergy39, 178 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Ito, K., Wicher, K., Arbesman, C. E.: Antibodies to human IgE produced in monkey (Abstr.). J. Allergy45, 123 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  124. Ito, K., Wicher, K., Arbesman, C. E.: Changes in the antigenicity of heat aggregated IgE (Abstr.). J. Allergy47, 85 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  125. Ito, K., Wicher, K., Arbesman, C. E.: Antibodies to denatured IgE and new antigenicity of the IgE acquired during heating. J. Immunol.106, 1130 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Ito, K., Wicher, K., Arbesman, C. E.: The effect of treatment with heat, 2-mercaptoethanol or cysteine on the antigenicity of IgE. Immunochemistry9, 873 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Jacobs, D.: IgE levels in asthmatics. Brit. med. J.19713, 642

  128. Jacobs, D., Houri, M., Landon, J., Merrett, T. G.: Circulating levels of immunoglobulin E in patients with cancer. Lancet1972 II, 1059

  129. Jarrett, E. E., Stewart, D. C.: Potentiation of rat reaginic (IgE) antibody by helminthic infection. Simultaneous potentiation of separate reagins. Immunology23, 749 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Jewell, D. P., Truelove, S. C.: Reaginic hypersensitivity in ulcerative colitis. Gut13, 903 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Johansson, S. G. O.: Raised levels of a new immunoglobulin class (IgND) in asthma. Lancet1967 II, 951

  132. Johansson, S. G. O., Bennich, H.: Studies on a new class of human immunoglobulins. I. Immunological properties. In: Killander, Nobel Symp. 3, gamma globulins, structure and control of biosynthesis, p. 193. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell 1967

    Google Scholar 

  133. Johansson, S. G. O., Bennich, H.: Immunological studies of an atypical (myeloma) immunoglobulin. Immunology13, 381 (1967)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Johansson, S. G. O.: Serum IgND levels in healthy children and adults. Int. Arch. Allergy34, 1 (1968)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Johansson, S. G. O.: Immunoglobulin ND (IgE). Clinical and immunological studies. Acta Univ. upsaliensis 52 (1968)

  136. Johansson, S. G. O., Mellbin, T., Vahlquist, B.: Immunoglobulin levels in ethiopian preschool children with special reference to high concentrations of immunoglobulin E (IgND). Lancet1968I, 1118

  137. Johansson, S. G. O., Bennich, H., Wide, L.: A new class of immunoglobulin in human serum. Immunology14, 265 (1968)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Johansson, S. G. O., Bennich, H., Berg, T., Högman, C.: Some factors influencing the serum IgE levels in atopic diseases. Clin. exp. Immunol.6, 43 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  139. Johansson, S. G. O., Bennich, H., Berg, T.: In vitro diagnosis of atopic allergy. III. Quantitative estimation of circulating IgE antibodies by the radioallergosorbent test. Int. Arch. Allergy41, 443 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Johansson, S. G. O., Bennich, H. H., Berg, T.: The clinical significance of IgE. Progr. Clin. Immunology 1, p. 157, ed. R. S. Schwartz. Grune and Stratton 1972

    Google Scholar 

  141. Juhlin, L., Johansson, S. G. O., Bennich, H., Högman, C., Thyresson, N.: Immunoglobulin E in dermatoses. Levels in atopic dermatitis and urticaria. Arch. Derm.100, 12 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Kanyerezi, B., Jaton, J. C., Bloch, K. J.: Human and rat gamma E: serologic evidence of homology. J. Immunol.106, 1411 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Koji, H., Wicher, K., Arbesman, C. E.: Studies on IgE fragments prepared by papain digestion. Int. Arch. Allergy41, 477 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Koopman, W. J., Orange, R. P., Austen, K. F.: Immunochemical and biologic properties of rat IgE. III. Modulation of the IgE-mediated release of slow-reacting substance-of anaphylaxis by agents influencing the level of cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate. J. Immunol.105, 1096 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. Korotzer, J., Haddad, Z. H.: In vitro detection of human IgE mediated immediate hypersensitivity reaction to pollens and penicillins by a modified rat mast cell degranulation (RMCD) technique. (Abstr.). J. Allergy45, 126 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  146. Korotzer, J. L., Haddad, Z. H., Lopapa, A. F.: Detection of human IgE antibody by a modified rat mast cell degranulation technique. Immunology20, 545 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Kraft, D., Werner, H. P., Stemberger, H., Wiedermann, G.: Immunglobulin E. Nachweis mittels Immunfluoreszenztechnik bei Penicillinallergie vom Typ der Serumkrankheit. Wien. klin. Wschr.83, 758 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  148. Kumar, L., Newcomb, R. W., Hornbrook, M.: A year-round study of serum IgE levels in asthmatic children. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.48, 305 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Leddy, J. P., Freeman, G. L., Lutz, A., Todd, R. H.: Inactivation of the skin-sensitizing antibodies of human allergy by thiols. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.)111, 7 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  150. Levy, D. A., Osler, A. G.: Studies on the mechanisms of hypersensitivity phenomena. XIV. Passive sensitization in vitro of human leukocytes to ragweed pollen antigen. J. Immunol.97, 203 (1966)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  151. Levy, D. A., Osler, A. G.: Studies on the mechanisms of hypersensitivity phenomena. XVI. In vitro assays of reaginic activity in human sera: effect of therapeutic immunization on seasonal titer changes. J. Immunol.99, 1068 (1967)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. Levy, D. A., Chen, J.: Healthy IgE-deficient person. New Engl. J. Med.283, 541 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  153. Levy, D. A., Chen, J. L., Ishizaka, K.: Leukocytes from a healthy individual with IgE deficiency as a sensitive bioassay for serum IgE (Abstr.). Fed. Proc.29, 575 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  154. Levy, D. A., Lichtenstein, L. M., Goldstein, E. O., Ishizaka, K.: Immunological and cellular changes after treatment of pollen allergy in children. (Abstr.) J. Allergy45, 110 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  155. Liakopoulou, A., Perelmutter, L.: Antigenic relationship between rat homocytotropic antibody and human IgND myeloma protein. (Abstr.) Fed. Proc.29, 575 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  156. Liakopoulou, A., Perelmutter, L.: Antigenic relationship between human IgE immunoglobulin and rat homocytotropic antibody. J. Immunol.107, 131 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. Lichtenstein, L. M., Osler, A. G.: Studies on the mechanisms of hypersensitivity phenomena. IX. Histamine release from human leukocytes by ragweed pollen antigen. J. exp. Med.120, 507 (1964)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Lichtenstein, L. M., Norman, P. S., Winkenwerder, W. L., Osler, A. G.: In vitro studies of human ragweed allergy: changes in cellular and humoral activity associated with specific desensitization. J. clin. Invest.45, 1126 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  159. Lichtenstein, L. M., Holtzman, N. A., Burnett, L. S.: A quantitative in vitro study of the chromatographic distribution and immunoglobulin characteristics of human blocking antibodies. J. Immunol.10, 317 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  160. Lichtenstein, L. M., Norman, P. S., Winkenwerder, W.L.: Clinical and in vitro studies on the role of imunotherapy in ragweed hay fever. Amer. J. Med.44, 514 (1968)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. Lichtenstein, L. M., Margolis, S.: Histamine release in vitro: inhibition by catocholamines and methylxanthines. Science161, 902 (1968)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  162. Lichtenstein, L. M., DeBernardo, R.: The separation of IgE mediated histamine release into two stages. (Abstr.) Fed. Proc.29, 575 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  163. Lichtenstein, L. M., DeBernardo, R.: IgE mediated histamine release: in vitro separation into two phases. Int. Arch. Allergy41, 56 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. Lockey, R. F., Rucknagel, D. L., Vanselow, N. A.: Familial occurence of asthma, nasal polyps, and Aspirin intolerance. Ann. intern. Med.78, 57 (1973)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  165. Loveless, M. H., Cann, J. R.: Distribution of allergic and “blocking” activity in human serum proteins fractionated by electrophoresis convection. Science117, 105 (1953)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  166. Maclaren, W. R., Ho, F. C., Lopapa, A.: Rat mast cell degranulation and routine skin tests in allergic patients. Ann. Allergy30, 579 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  167. MacSween, J. M., Langley, G. R.: Intraleucocytic immunoglobulin in eosinophilia in man. Immunology21, 61 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  168. May, C. D., Lyman, M., Alberg, R., Cheng, J.: Procedures for immunochemical study of histamine release from leukocytes with small volume of blood. J. Allergy46, 12 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  169. McCormick, D. P., Ammann, A. J., Ishizaka, K., Miller, D. G., Hong, R.: A study of allergy with malignant lymphoma and chronic lymphatic leukemia. Cancer (Philad.)27, 93 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  170. McLaughlan, P., Stanworth, D. R., Kennedy, J. F., Cho Tun, H.: Use of antibody-coupled cellulose as immunosorbent in the estimation of human immunoglobulin E (gamma E). Nature (Lond.) New Biol.232, 245 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  171. Menzel, A. E. O., Kessler, N. R., Cooke, R. A., Myers, P.: Immuno-serologic studies of the immediate wheal-type allergies. J. Allergy23, 483 (1952)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  172. Midgley, A. R., Rebar, R. W., Niswender, G. D.: Radioimmunoassays employing double antibody techniques. Karolinska symposia on research methods in reproductive endocrinology. 1 st symposium. Immunoassays of gonadotrophine. September 1969. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) Suppl.142, 247 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  173. Mietens, C., Johansson, S. G. O.: Quantitative Bestimmung von IgE als Beitrag zur Bedeutung allergischer Reaktionen bei Zöliakie. Mschr. Kinderheilk.119, 332 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  174. Mietens, C., Johansson, S. G. O., Bennich, H.: Serumkonzentrationen der Immunglobuline bei Kindern im Verlaufe der Cöliakie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von IgE. Klin. Wschr.49, 256 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  175. Newcomb, R. W., Ishizaka, K.: Skin reactions to anti-gamma E antibody in atopic, nonatopic and immunologically deficient children and adults. J. Allergy43, 292 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  176. Newcomb, R. W., Ishizaka, K.: Human gamma E in sputum and nasal fluids. (Abstr.). J. Allergy45, 105 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  177. Newcomb, R. W., Ishizaka, K.: Physicochemical and antigenic studies on human gamma E in respiratory fluid. J. Immunol.105, 85 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  178. Newcomb, R. W., Nelson, H.: Dermographia mediated by immunoglobulin E. Amer. J. Med.54, 174 (1973)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  179. Nilsson, K., Bennich, H., Johansson, S. G. O., Ponten, J.: Established immunoglobulin producing myeloma (IgE) and lymphoblastoid (IgE) cell lines from an IgE myeloma patient. Clin. exp. Immunol.7, 477 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  180. Nilsson, K.: Characteristics of established myeloma and lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from an E myeloma patient: a comparative study. Int. J. Cancer7, 380 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  181. Nilsson, K.: Synthesis and secretion of IgE by an established human myeloma cell line. Clin. exp. Immunol.9, 785 (1971).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  182. Nisengard, R. J., Beutner, E. H., Gauto, M.: Immunofluorescence studies of IgE in peridontal disease. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.177, 39 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  183. Nordbring, F., Högman, C., Johansson, S. G. O.: Serum immunoglobulin levels in the course of acute pneumonia. Scand. J. Infect. Dis.1, 99 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  184. Nowell, J. M., Sterling, A., Oxman, M. F., Burden, S. S., Krejei, L. E.: Electrophoretic separation of the antibody from human allergic serum. J. Allergy10, 513 (1939)

    Google Scholar 

  185. Ogawa, M., Berger, P. A., McIntyre, O. R., Clendenning, W. E.: IgE in atopic dermatitis. Arch. Derm.103, 575 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  186. Ogawa, M., Kochwa, S., Smith, C., Ishizaka, K., McIntyre, O. R.: Clinical aspects of IgE myeloma. New Engl. J. Med.281, 1217 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  187. Oprée, W., Krause, H., Stockberg, H.: Genetic aspects of serum IgE levels in atopic families. Acta allerg. (Kbh.)27, 247 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  188. Orange, R. P., Stechschulte, D. J., Austen, K. F.: Immunochemical and biologie properties of rat IgE. II. Capacity to mediate the immunologic release of histamine and slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A). J. Immunol.105, 1087 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  189. Osler, A. G., Lichtenstein, L. M., Levy, D. A.: In vitro studies of human reaginic allergy. Advanc. Immunol.8, 183 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  190. Osler, A. G.: Immunology of reaginic allergy: in vitro studies. Clin. exp. Immunol.6, 13 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  191. Osler, A. G.: Mechanisms of immediate allergic reactions. Transact. Colleg. int. Allerg. 8th symp., Montreux 1970. Int. Arch. Allergy41, 49 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  192. Parish, W. E.: Release of histamine and slow-reacting substance with mast cell changes after challenge of human lung sensitized passively with reagin in vitro. Nature (Lond.)215, 738 (1967)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  193. Patterson, R.: Laboratory models of reaginic allergy. Progr. Allergy13, 332 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  194. Patterson, R., Talbot, C. H., Booth, B. H.: Bronchial eosinophilia in Rhesus monkeys with IgE mediated respiratory responses. Int. Arch. Allergy40, 361 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  195. Perelmutter, L., Khera, K.: Rat mast cells in human reagin detection. Lancet1969I, 1269

  196. Perelmutter, L., Khera, K.: A study on the detection of human reagins with rat peritoneal mast cells. Int. Arch. Allergy39, 27 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  197. Perelmutter, L., Liakopoulou, A., Larose, C.: Detection of human IgE-type reagins utilizing rat mast cells. (Abstr.). J. Allergy45, 127 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  198. Perelmutter, L., Liakopoulou, A., Larose, C., Phills, J.A.: A study on the sensitization of rat mast cells with human IgE-type reagins. (Abstr.) J. Allergy47, 88 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  199. Perelmutter, L., Liakopoulou, A.: Detection of IgE mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions in the sera of ragweed sensitive individuals using rat mast cells. Int. Arch. Allergy40, 481 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  200. Perelmutter, L., Millard, E.: A modified rat mast cell technique for the detection of human IgE-type reagins. Int. Arch. Allergy40, 675 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  201. Phills, J. A., Harrold, A. J., Perelmutter, L.: An immunological study of Ascaris-infestated individuals. (Abstr.) J. Allergy47, 116 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  202. Polmar, S. H., Lischner, H. W., Huang, N. N., Waldmann, T. A., Terry, W. D.: IgE levels in immunological deficiency states (Abstr.). Clin. Res.18, 431 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  203. Polmar, S. H., Waldmann, T. A., Balestra, S. T., Jost, M. C., Terry, W. D.: Immunoglobulin E in immunologic deficiency diseases. I. Relation of IgE and IgA to respiratory tract disease in isolated IgE deficiency, IgA deficiency, and ataxia teleangiectasia. J. clin. Invest.51, 326 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  204. Prausnitz, C., Küstner, H.: Studien über die Überempfindlichkeit. Zbl. Bakt. Hyg.86, 160 (1921)

    Google Scholar 

  205. Prouvost-Danon, A., Binaghi, R., Rochas, S., Boussac-Aron, Y.: Immunochemical identification of mouse IgE. Immunology23, 481 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  206. Pruzansky, J. J., Patterson, R.: Immunologic changes during hyposensitization therapy. J. Amer. med. Ass.203, 805 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  207. Pruzansky, J. J., Patterson, R.: Disappearance of basophils in specific release of histamine from leucocytes of allergic patients. (Abstr.). J. Allergy45, 98 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  208. Reeves, W. G., Cameron, J. S., Ogg, C. S.: IgE and the nephrotic syndrome. Lancet1971I, 1299

  209. Rockey, J. H., Kunkel, H. G.: Unusual sedimentation and sulfhydryl sensitivity of certain isohemagglutinins and skin-sensitizing antibody. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)110, 101 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  210. Rosenberg, E. B., Whalen, G. E., Bennich, H., Johansson, S. G. O.: Brief recordings: circulating IgE in human intestinal capillariasis. New Engl. J. Med.283, 1148 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  211. Rosenberg, E. B., Polmar, S. H., Whalen, G. E.: Increased circulating IgE in trichinosis. Ann. intern. Med.75, 579 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  212. Rowe, D. S.: Radioactive single radial diffusion: a method for increasing the sensitivity of immunochemical quantitation of proteins in agar gel. Bull. Wld Hlth Org.40, 613 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  213. Rowe, D. S., Tackett, L., Bennich, H., Ishizaka, K., Johansson, S. G. O., Anderson, S. G.: A research standard for human serum immunoglobulin E. Bull. Wld Hlth Org.43, 609 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  214. Rowe, D. S., Wood, C. B. S.: The measurement of serum immunoglobulin E levels in healthy adults and in children with allergic asthma. Int. Arch. Allergy39, 1 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  215. Sadan, N., Rhyne, M. B., Mellits, E. D., Goldstein, E. O., Levy, D. A., Lichtenstein, L. M.: Immunotherapy of pollinosis in children. Investigation of the immunologic basis of clinical improvement. New Engl. J. Med.280, 623 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  216. Salmon, S. F., Mackey, G., Fudenberg, H. H.: “Sandwich” solid phase radioimmunoassay for the quantitative determination of human immunoglobulins. J. Immunol.103, 129 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  217. Scherrer, E. L.: The distribution of reagins in the blood plasma. J. Allergy2, 467 (1930)

    Google Scholar 

  218. Schmidt, R.: Differentialdiagnose bei Eosinophilie. Schweiz. Rundschau f. Medizin60, 1734 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  219. Schwartz, D. P., Buckley, R. H., Rourk, H. H.: Influence of age and atopy on skin reactivity to anti-IgE antibody in infants and children. (Abstr.) J. Allergy45, 124 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  220. Schwartz, D. P., Buckley, R. H.: Serum IgE and skin reactivity to anti-IgE in IgA-deficient patients. New Engl. J. Med.284, 513 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  221. Schwartzman, R. E., Rockey, J. H., Halliwell, R. E.: Canine reaginic antibody. Characterization of the spontaneous anti-ragweed and induced anti-dinitrophenyl reaginic antibodies of the atopic dog. Clin. exp. Immunol.9, 549 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  222. Sehon, A. H., Fyles, T. W., Rose, B.: Electrophoretic separation of skin-sensitizing antibody from the sera of ragweed-sensitive patients. J. Allergy26, 329 (1955)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  223. Sheard, P., Killingback, P. G., Blair, A. M. J. N.: Antigen induced release of histamine and SRS-A from human lung passively sensitized with reaginic serum. Nature (Lond.)216, 283 (1967)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  224. Smith, H. J., Ozkaragoz, K., Gokcen, M.: A simplified radioimmunoassay technique for measuring human IgE. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.50, 193 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  225. Spitz, E., Gelfand, E. W., Sheffer, A. L., Austen, K. F.: Serum IgE in clinical immunology and allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.49, 337 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  226. Stanworth, D. R., Humphrey, J. H., Bennich, H., Johansson, S. G. O.: Specific inhibition of the Prausnitz-Küstner reaction by an atypical human myeloma protein. Lancet1967 II, 330

  227. Stanworth, D. R.: Immunochemical mechanisms of immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions. (Symposium of IgE and atopic allergy). Clin. exp. Immunol.6, 1 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  228. Stanworth, D. R.: Immunoglobulin E (reagin) and allergy. Nature (Lond.)233, 310 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  229. Starr, M. S., Weinstock, M.: Studies in pollen allergy. I. A method for estimating histamine release from sensitized leucocytes in the presence of serum. Int. Arch. Allergy37, 239 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  230. Stechschulte, D. J., Orange, R. P., Austen, K. F.: Immunochemical and biologic properties of rat IgE. I. Immunochemical identification of rat IgE. J. Immunol.105, 1082 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  231. Stenius, B., Wide, L.: Reaginic antibody (IgE), skin, and provocation tests to dermatophagoides culinae and house dust in respiratory allergy. Lancet1969 II, 455

  232. Stenius, B., Wide, L., Seymour, W. M., Holford-Strevens, V., Pepys, J.: Clinical significance of specific IgE against dermatophagoides spp. and grass pollen to skin and nasal test and history. Clin. Allergy1, 37 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  233. Stevenson, D. D., Orgel, H. A., Hamburger, R. N., Reid, R. T.: Development of IgE in newborn human infants. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.48, 61 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  234. Stites, D. P., Ishizaka, K., Fudenberg, H. H.: Serum IgE concentrations in hypogammaglobulinaemia and selective IgA deficiency studies on patients and family members. Clin. exp. Immunol.10, 391 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  235. Stoica, G.: Personal communication through S. G. O. Johansson.

  236. Sullivan, A. L., Grimley, P. M., Metzger, H.: Electron microscopic localization of immunoglobulin E on the surface membrane of human basophils. J. exp. Med.134, 1403 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  237. Tada, T., Ishizaka, K.: Distribution of gamma E-forming cells in lymphoid tissues of the human and monkey. J. Immunol.104, 377 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  238. Terry, W. D., Ogawa, M., Kochwa, S.: Structural studies of immunoglobulin E. II. Amino terminal sequence of the heavy chain. J. Immunol.105, 783 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  239. Tse, K. S., Wicher, K., Arbesman, C. E.: The effect of immunotherapy on IgE antibodies in nasal secretions and serum of ragweed-sensitive patients. (Abstr.) J. Allergy45, 106 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  240. Turk, A., Lichtenstein, L. M., Norman, P. S.: Nasal secretory antibody to inhalent allergens in allergic and nonallergic patients. (Abstr.) J. Allergy45, 105 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  241. Turner, M. W., Johansson, S. G. O., Barratt, T. M., Bennich, H.: Studies on the levels of immunoglobulins in normal human urine with particular reference to IgE. Int. Arch. Allergy37, 409 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  242. Vaerman, J. P., Epstein, W., Fudenberg, H., Ishizaka, K.: Direct demonstration of reagin activity in purified gamma1A-globulin. Nature (Lond.)203, 1046 (1964)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  243. Vatanasuk, M., Hornbrook, M. M., Kohler, P. F.: Serum IgE and passive transfer in aspirin intolerance. J. Allergy47, 109 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  244. Virchow, C., Möller, E., Debelic, M.: Immunglobulin E bei Asthma bronchiale allergicum. Dtsch. med. Wschr.97, 1024 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  245. Waldmann, T. A.: Disorders of immunoglobulin metabolism. New Engl. J. Med.281, 1170 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  246. Waldmann, T. A., Polmar, S. H., Balestra, S. T., Jost, M. C., Bruce, R. M., Terry, W. D.: Immunoglobulin E in immunologic deficiency diseases. II. Serum IgE concentration of patients with acquired hypogammaglobulinemia, thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia, myotonic dystrophy, intestinal lymphangiectasia and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. J. Immunol.109, 304 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  247. Weinstock, M., Starr, M. S.: Studies in pollen allergy. II. Comparison of leucocyte sensitivity and levels of blocking antibody in hay fever subjects administered Allpyral or Pollaccine. Int. Arch. Allergy37, 385 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  248. Wetherby-Mein, G.: The significance of eosinophilia. (Abstr.) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.42, 20 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  249. Whalen, G. E., Rosenberg, E. B., Strickland, G. T., Gutman, R. A., Cross, J. H., Watten, R. H., Uylangco, C., Dizon, J. J.: Intestinal capillariasis: a new disease in man. Lancet1969 I, 13

  250. Wicher, K., Ito, K., Ishizaka, T., Arbesman, C. E.: IgE associated with reaginic antibodies to various allergens. (Abstr.) J. Allergy45, 107 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  251. Wide, L., Porath, J.: Radioimmunoassay of proteins with the use of Sephadex-coupled antibodies. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.)130, 257 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  252. Wide, L., Axen, R., Porath, J.: Radioimmunosorbent assay for proteins. Chemical couplings of antibodies to insoluble dextran. Immunochemistry4, 381 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  253. Wide, L., Bennich, H., Johansson, S. G. O.: Diagnosis in allergy by an in vitro test for allergen antibodies. Lancet1967 II, 1105

  254. Wide, L.: Radioimmunoassay employing immunsorbents. Karolinska symposia on research methods in reproductive endocrinology. 1st symp., Immunoassay of gonadotrophins 1969. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) Suppl.142, 207 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  255. Wide, L.: Radioimmunoassay methods, p. 405. Aus Radioimmunoassay methods, eds. K. E. Kirkham and W. M. Hunter. Publ. Churchill, Livingstone 1971

    Google Scholar 

  256. Wide, L., Juhlin, L.: Detection of penicillin allergy of the immediate type by radioimmunoassay of reagins (IgE) to penicilloyl conjugates. Clin. Allergy1, 171 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  257. Wiener, A. S., Zieve, I., Fries, J. H.: The inheritance of allergic disease. Ann. Eugen. (Lond.)7, 141 (1936)

    Google Scholar 

  258. Williams, R. C., Jr., Griffiths, R. W., Emmons, J. D., Field, R. C.: Naturally occurring human antiglobulins with specificity for gamma E. J. clin. Invest.51, 955 (1972)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  259. Wittig, H. J., Goldman, A. S.: Nephrotic syndrome associated with inhaled allergens. Lancet1970 I, 542

  260. Yunginger, J. W., Gleich, G. J.: Seasonal changes in serum and nasal IgE concentrations. (Abstr.) J. Allergy47, 87 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  261. Zolov, D. M., Levine, B. B.: Correlation of blood eosinophilia with antibody classes. Int. Arch. Allergy35, 179 (1969)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  262. Zvaifler, N. J., Sadun, E., Becker, E. L.: Anaphylactic (reaginic) antibodies in helminthic infections. (Abstr.) Clin. Res.14, 336 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. I. Medizinische Klinik der Universität München, Germany

    R. Lamerz & A. Fateh-Moghadam

Authors
  1. R. Lamerz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Fateh-Moghadam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Mitglieder des SFB 37.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lamerz, R., Fateh-Moghadam, A. Immunglobulin E. Klin Wochenschr 52, 1–17 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01468516

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01468516

Key words

Schlüsselwörter

Search

Navigation