Abstract
Dielectric and elastic relaxation processes in ice may be explained by means of two types of point defects. At the crossover they interchange their roles as majority and minority mechanism. From conductivity measurements at the crossover it is possible to determine the defect mobilities, without knowing the effective charges. Measurements from different laboratories lead to the same results and to the conclusion that in contrast to earlier theoretieal ideas the ion states as such do not play an essential role in the Debye relaxation. The two mechanisms responsible for this process are Bjerrum defects as envisaged in earlier concepts and Bjerrum-ion aggregates. These defects allow an explanation of the temperature dependence of the conductivity in pure and doped ice.
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Bilgram, J.H., Gränicher, H. Defect equilibria and conduction mechanisms in ice. Phys cond Matter 18, 275–291 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01464397
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01464397