Abstract
Stabilizers, plasticizers and lubricants play an important part in the formulation of polymer materials for use in manufacturing. For polyvinyl chloride, they are used to achieve stability, together with suitable flow and release behavior, during extrusion, molding, and other processing steps. However, the additives remain after manufacturing and may affect the properties of the product for the rest of its useful life. We have investigated the surface properties of polyvinyl chloride containing organotin stabilizers and calcium stearate, and the surface properties of the additives themselves.
We used zeta-potential measurements to determine the charge on the surface of additive-containing polyvinyl chloride and have related this to chemical reactions of the additive materials. This chemistry is important for understanding what goes on during the period when the polymer product comes in contact with a humid environment.
The major chemical reactions are those involving hydrolysis of tin-ester linkages in the organotin compounds and dissociation of carboxylic acid groups. These groups may be the carboxylic acid groups originally present or those formed by hydrolysis. As a result of these reactions, the surface charge of the polymer depends strongly on the pH of the aqueous medium in contact with the surface.
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Labib, M.E., Williams, R. The effect of processing additives on the surface properties of polyvinyl chloride. Colloid & Polymer Sci 262, 551–556 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01451518
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01451518