Conclusions
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1.
It is shown that in concrete without frostproofing additives hardening at −1° the ice content decreases with hydration of cement. Consequently, the process of hydration of cement does not stop but occurs, although very slowly, due to the water formed upon melting of ice.
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2.
A hypothesis of the possible mechanism of melting of ice in concrete during isothermal hardening in the negative temperature region is proposed.
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3.
It is confirmed that in concrete with frostproofing additives, during its hardening at a constant negative temperature, ice is released during the first days of hardening from the pore liquid due to a decrease in the concentration of additive in it, and then melting of ice is observed. It is suggested that the ice melts due to the increasing immobilization of water.
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4.
It was established that the processes of formation and melting of ice in “cold” concrete during its hardening determine the character and extent of heat generation.
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5.
The extent of heat generation of concrete at negative hardening temperatures does not correlate with its strength.
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Literature cited
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Additional information
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 4, pp. 18–23, April, 1981.
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Mironov, S.A., Pariiskii, A.A. & Barabanshchikov, Y.G. Change in the phase composition of water and kinetics of heat generation of concrete hardening at a negative temperature. Hydrotechnical Construction 15, 223–231 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01429063
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01429063