Skip to main content
Log in

Reproductive status and adrenal size in the northern red-backed vole in relation to season

  • Published:
International Journal of Biometeorology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Adrenal and gonad weights were measured in the northern red-backed vole, CLETHRIONOMYS RUTILUS, from July 1963 through August 1964 in the vicinity of College, Alaska. Relative weights of the testes and ovaries underwent a seasonal cycle which was most closely correlated with the annual light cycle. Adrenal size in female voles appeared to be strongly influenced by reproductive state and underwent a striking increase with onset of the breeding season and a corresponding decline with cessation of reproductive activities. In male voles adrenal size was not influenced by reproductive activities. The magnitude of seasonal change in adrenal size of male voles was not great and could not be definitely associated with any extrinsic factors in the environment.

Zusammenfassung

Nebennieren- und Gonadengewichte wurden bei der Wühlmaus CLETHRIONOMYS RUTILUS von Juli 1963 bis August 1964 in der Nähe von College, Alaska,gemessen. Die relativen Gewichte der Hoden und Ovarien unterlagen einem jahreszeitlichen Rhythmus, der sehr eng mit der jahreszeitlichen Strahlungsperiodik korreliert war. Die Grösse der Nebennieren bei weiblichen Wühlmausen schien stark durch die Fortpflanzung beeinflusst zu sein und unterlag einer auffälligen Zunahme mit dem Einsetzen der Jahreszeit der Fortpflanzung und einer entsprechenden Verkleinerung mit dem Aufhören der Fortpflanzungsaktivität. Bei männlichen Wühlmäusen war die Grösse der Nebenniere nicht durch die Fortpflanzungsaktivität beeinflusst. Das Ausmass der jahreszeitlichen Schwankungen der Grösse der Nebenniere bei männlichen Wühlmäusen war nicht gross und konnte nicht endgültig irgend einem äusseren Umweltfaktor zugeordnet werden.

Resume

Dans les environs de College, Alaska, on a pesé les surrénales et les organes sexuels de campagnols CLETHRIONOMYS RUTILUS. Ces pesées ont été effectuées de juillet 1963 à août 1964. Le poids relatif des testicules et des ovaires sont soumis à un cycle périodique qui correspond étroitement à celui de la lumière.La grosseur des surrénales des femelles semble fortement influencée par les phénomènes de reproduction. Ces glandes se développent de façon marquée au début de la saison des amours et redeviennent plus petites dès la fin de la période de reproduction. Chez les mâles, la grosseur de ces glandes n'est pas modifiée par l'activité reproductrice. L'amplitude des variations de la grosseur des surrénales des souris mâles est réduite et il n'est pas possible de mettre ces variations en relation directe avec celles d'un facteur particulier du milieu ambiant.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • BENDELL, J.F. (1959): Food as a control of a population of white-footed mice, PEROMYSCUS LEUCOPUS NOVEBORACENSIS (Fischer). Canad. J. Zool., 37: 173–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • CHITTY, D. (1960): Population processes in the vole and their relevance to general theory. Canad.J.Zool., 38: 99–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • CHITTY, H. (1961): Variations in weight of the adrenal glands of the field vole MICROTUS AGRESTIS. J.Endocr., 22: 387–393.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CHITTY, H. and CLARKE, J.R. (1963): The growth of the adrenal gland of laboratory and field voles, and changes in it during pregnancy.Canad.J.Zool., 41: 1025–1034.

    Google Scholar 

  • CHRISTIAN, J.J. (1950): The adreno-pituitary system and population cycles in mammals. J.Mammal., 31: 247–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • CHRISTIAN, J.J. and DAVIS, D.E. (1964): Endocrines,behavior and population.Science, 146: 1550–1560.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CHRISTIAN, J.J. and DAVIS, D.E. (1966): Adrenal glands in female voles (MICROTUS PENNSYLVANICUS) as related to reproduction and population size. J.Mammal., 47: 1–18.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • FRANK, F. (1954): Die Kausalität der Nagetier-zyklen im Lichte neuer populationsdynamischer Untersuchungen an deutschen Microtinen. A.Morph. u. Okol.Tiere, 43: 321–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • FRANK, F. (1957): The causality of microtine cycles in Germany. J. Wildl.Mgmt., 21: 113–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • HOFFMAN, R.A. and REITER, R.J. (1965): Pineal gland: Influence on gonads of male hamsters. Science, 148: 1609–1611.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • HOFFMAN, R.A. and REITER, R.J. (1966): Responses of some endocrine organs of female hamsters to pinealectomy and light. Life Sci., 5: 1147–1151.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • KALELA, O. (1957): Regulation of reproduction rate in subarctic populations of the vole CLETHRIONOMYS RUFOCANUS (Sund.).Ann.Acad.Sci. fenn 4A, 34: 1–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • LOUCH, C.D. (1958): Adrenocortical activity in two meadow vole populations. J.Mammal., 39: 109–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKEEVER, S. (1959): Effects of reproductive activity on the weight of adrenal glands in MICROTUS MONTANUS. Anat.Rec., 135: 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKEEVER, S. (1964): Variation in the weight of the adrenal,pituitary and thyroid gland of the white-footed mouse, PEROMYSCUS MANICULATUS. Amer.J.Anat., 114: 1–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MORRISON, P. (1964): Adaptation of small mammals to the arctic.Fed.Proc.,23: 1202–1206.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MORRISON, P., ROSENMANN, M. and SEALANDER, J.A. (1966): Seasonal variation of myoglobin in the northern red-backed vole. Amer.J.Physiol., 211: 1305–1308.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • NEGUS, N.C., GOULD, E. and CHIPMAN, R.K. (1961): Ecology of the rice rat, ORYZOMYS PALUSTRIS (Harlan), on Breton island,Gulf of Mexico,with a critique of the social stress theory.Tulane Studies in Zoology, 8: 95–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • NEWSON, R. (1963): Differences in numbers,reproduction and survival between two neighboring populations of bank voles (CLETHRIONOMYS GLAREOLUS). Ecology, 44: 110–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • PITELKA, F.A. (1958): Some characteristics of microtine cycles in the arctic. 18th Annual Biol. Colloq. Oregon State College, pp.73–78.

  • QUAY, W.B. (1961): Reduction of mammalian pineal weight and lipid during continuous light. Gen.comp.Endocr., 1: 211–217.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SCHULTZ, A.M. (1964): The nutrient recovery hypothesis for arctic microtine cycles. II. Ecosystem variables in relation to arctic microtine cycles. In: Grazing in Terrestrial and Marine Environments, Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 57–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • SEALANDER, J.A. (1966): Seasonal variations in hemoglobin and hematocrit values in the northern red-backed mouse, CLETHRIONOMYS RUTILUS DAWSONI (Merriam), in interior Alaska.Canad.J.Zool.,44: 213–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • SOUTHWICK, C.H. (1955): The population dynamics of confined house mice supplied with unlimited food. Ecology, 36: 212–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • SOUTHWICK, C.H. (1964): PEROMYSCUS LEUCOPUS: An interesting subject for studies of socially induced stress responses. Science,143:55–56.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • TANAKA, R. (1960): Adrenal hypertrophy evoked by both increased social pressure and reproductive activity in rat populations. Japanese J.appl.Ent.Zool., 4: 226–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • TANAKA, R. (1962): Adrenal analysis for critique of the social stress theory in natural populations of the montane vole.Res.Popul.Ecol., 4: 8–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • TANAKA, R. (1964): Population dynamics of the Smith's red-backed vole in highlands of Shikoku. Res.Popul.Ecol., 6: 54–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • ZEJDA, J. (1964): Development of several populations of the bank vole CLETHRIONOMYS GLAREOLUS Schreb., in a peak year. Zool.Listy, 13: 15–30.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sealander, J.A. Reproductive status and adrenal size in the northern red-backed vole in relation to season. Int J Biometeorol 11, 213–220 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01426850

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01426850

Keywords

Navigation