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Some trends in the development of gate construction abroad

  • Published:
Hydrotechnical Construction Aims and scope

Conclusions

  1. 1.

    Even greater attention is being devoted abroad to an increase of reliability of outlet works and gates as one of the virtually important elements of every dam.

    For this purpose, types of gates, grooves, and mechanisms already checked in practice are, as a rule, used on newly constructed dams [1, 11, 14], and the main efforts of designers are aimed at improving their designs and layouts on structures [1, 2, 5]; the power supply of the mechanical equipment of important outlets, as a rule, comes from two “alternative” sources, e.g., from the central power supply network plus a standby supply from a local diesel electric plant [6]; redundancy of the most important gate components and mechanisms (electric motors, pumps of the oil-pressure system, balance carriages, etc.) is provided for everywhere [3]; technical innovations find use only after comprehensive model and prototype investigations (see, e.g., the proceedings of the 11th and 13th Congresses on large dams).

  2. 2.

    As a consequence of Sec. 1, a trend toward a substantial reduction of the number of types of gates being used is observed everywhere [2, 4]. Serious attention is being devoted to methods of preventing cavitation and vibration [13–18].

  3. 3.

    An individual (for each gate) drive (as a rule, electrohydraulic), having a number of operational advantages compared with cranes (high efficiency of gate operation, possibility of automatic or remote control of the gates, etc.), is gaining greater popularity.

  4. 4.

    Reliability factors are taken into account also in the operating instructions [6, 7], which, e.g., stipulate the need for periodic testing of the mechanical equipment (especially before passage of a flood), etc.

  5. 5.

    One of the current trends is the fact that many specialists [1, 11, 14, 15] are presently taking a more cautious approach to the use of gates with high design parameters (area of the outlet being closed and head), considering that failure of a large gate (especially during passage of a flood) substantially reduces the discharge capacity (and, consequently, the reliability) of the dam.

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Literature cited

  1. F. Hartung, “Neuzeittiche Gesichtspunkte im Grosswehrbau. Entwicklungstendewzen in Europa und in der USA,” Elektrizitätswirtschaft, Bd. 59, No. 15, August 5 (1960).

  2. P. C. Erbiste, “Hydraulic gates: the state-of-the-art,” Water Power Dam Construction, No. 4, April (1981).

  3. I. Lewin, “Hydraulic gates,” J. Inst. Water Eng. Scientists,34, No. 3, May (1980).

  4. H. H. Thomas, The Engineering of Large Dams, Vol. 2, Wiley (1976).

  5. “High head gates and valves in the United States,” Proc. ASCE J. Hydraulics Division, HY 10, October (1973).

  6. Robert B. Jansen, Dams and Public Safety, US Department of the Interior (1980).

  7. J. L. Serafim, “Safety of dams judged from failures,” Water Power Dam Constr., No. 12 (1981).

  8. W. E. Wagner, “Performance of Glen Canyon dam diversion tunnel outlets,” ASCE Environmental Eng. Conf., Dallas, Texas, February (1976).

  9. W. E. Wagner, “Glen Canyon dam diversion tunnel outlets,” J. Hydraulics Division, ASCE, HY 6, November (1967).

  10. R. Widmann, “Bottom outlets with stilling caverns at high dams” (R 40).

  11. Les ouvrages d'Evacuation definitifs des barrages.

  12. F. Hartung, “Gates in spillways of large dams” (R 72).

  13. Alfred Liebl, “High pressure sluice gates” (R 42).

  14. Sei Fujimoto and Shuji Takasu, Historical Development of Large Capacity Outlets for Flood Control in Japan.

  15. B. T. A. Sagar, Safe Practices for High Head Outlet Gates.

  16. B. E. C. Hollingworth and C. P. R. Roberts, Model Tests on a High Head Bottom Outlet Gate for Vibration and Cavitation.

  17. H. R. Sharma, Problems at High Head Gates in Outlet Conduits.

  18. N. R. Oswalt, G. A. Pickering, and E. D. Hart, Problems and Solutions Associated with Spillways and Outlet Works.

  19. J. Lowe, H. D. Bangash, and P. C. Chao, Some Experiences with High Velocity Flow at the Tarbela Dam Project.

  20. M. K. Singhal, J. Mahan, and S. S. Tiagi, Low Level Operational Problems of Outlet Conduits.

  21. Ouvrages d'Evacuation de Grange Capacite.

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Authors
  1. V. Ya. Martenson
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Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 6–12, October, 1983.

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Martenson, V.Y. Some trends in the development of gate construction abroad. Hydrotechnical Construction 17, 487–495 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01425176

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