References Notes
Seymour Martin Lipset,The First New Nation: The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective (New York: W. W. Norton, 1979), esp. pp. v-vl, 207–348.
See, e.g., Kingsley Davis, “American Society: Its Group Structure,”Contemporary Civilization 2, (Chicago: Scott, Foresman and Co., 1961), pp. 171–186.
See Leonard Broom and John Kitsuse, “The Validation of Acculturation: A Condition of Ethnic Assimilation,”American Anthropologist, LVII (February, 1955), pp. 44–48.
See Harold J. Abramson, “Assimilation and Pluralism,”Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups, ed. by Stephan Thernstrom, (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1980), pp. 150–160.
J. Hector, St. John de Crevecoeur,Letters From an American Farmer, (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1957 [1782]) pp. 35–82.
Israel Zangwill,The Melting-Pot: Drama in Four Acts new and revised edn., (New York: Macmillan, 1922 [1909]) esp. pp. 184–185.
Horace Kallen,Culture and Democracy in the United States: Studies in the Group Psychology of the American Peoples, (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1924; reprint, New York: Arno Press and the New York Times, 1970), pp. 67–232.
Randolph S. Bourne,War and the Intellectuals: Collected Essays, 1915–1919, ed. by Carl Resek, (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1964), pp. 107–133.
See John Doyle Klier,Russia Gathers Her Jews: The Origins of the “Jewish Question” in Russia. 1772–1825, (DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, 1986); and M. J. Rosman,The Lords' Jews: Magnate-Jewish Relations in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth During the Eighteenth Century, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990).
Karl Marx, “On the Jewish Question,”Early Texts, trans. and ed. by David McLellan, (Oxford, U.K.: Basil Blackwell, 1972), p. 114.
Julius Carlebach,Karl Marx and the Radical Critique of Judaism, (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978), p. 163.
, p. 313. See also two works by David McLellan,The Young Hegelians and Karl Marx, (London: Macmillan, 1969), pp. 75–81; andMarxism and Religion: A Description and Assessment of the Marxist Critique of Christianity, (New York: Harper and Row, 1987), pp. 8, 10–13, 67–69; and Dennis Fischmann,Political Discourse in Exile: Karl Marx and the Jewish Question, (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1991), pp. 3–120.
Saul K. Padover,Karl Marx: An Intimate Biography, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978), pp. 1–30. For a thoughtful discussion of Marxism as a religion in its own right, as well as its relation to Judaism and Christianity, see Robert John Ackerman,Religion As Critique, (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1985), pp. 31–35, 43–48, 65–76, 142–152.
, p. 314. Judaism itself underwent a divisive sectarian turn toward mystical fundamentalism in the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries. It is the thesis of Jose Faur,In the Shadow of History: Jews and Conversosat the Dawn of Modernity, (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992), that mystical and fundamentalist Judaism undermined the Maimonidean legalist tradition of Andalusian Jewry, and inadvertently contributed to the vulnerability of Spain's Jews to the horrors of the Inquisition. The appearance ofconversos, some of whom were secret Jews, fostered a debate over whether assimilation or pluralism would be the best way to preserve Jewish life, liberty, and property. Spinoza's heresy and its effects are regarded as a wrong and harmful move by Faur, who credits R. Solomon ibn Verga (?—c. 1520), a philosopher who abjured categories, favored historical rationality, proposed a veritable forerunner of symbolic interaction, subjectivity, and cultural and religious pluralism, as being the harbinger of postmodern society. Faur's remarkable thesis should be read in relation to such earlier commentators on the role of Spinoza's heresy for modernity, the Enlightenment, and Occidental social, cultural, and political formations as Leo Strauss,Spinoza's Critique of Religion, (New York: Schocken Books, 1965); two works by Lewis Samuel Feuer,Spinoza and the Rise of Liberalism, (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1987) andThe Scientific Intellectual: The Psychological and Sociological Origin of Modern Science, (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1992), pp. 297–318; and Yirmiyahu Yovel,Spinoza and Other Heretics, Vol. I: The Marrano of Reason, Vol. II: The Adventures of Immanence, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989).
See Jurgen Herbst,The German Historical School in American Scholarship: A Study in the Transfer of Culture, (Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1972), pp. 129–230; and Albion W. Small, “Fifty Years of Sociology in the United States (1865–1915),”American Journal of Sociology, XXI:6 (May, 1916), pp. 721–864.
Sarah E. Simons, “Social Assimilation,”American Journal of Sociology, VI:6 (May, 1901), pp. 808–815; VII:1 (July, 1901), pp. 53–79, VII:2 (September, 1901), pp. 234–248; VII:3 (November, 1901), pp. 386–404; VII:4 (January, 1902), pp. 539–556.
Gary A. Abraham,Max Weber and the Jewish Question: A Study in the Social Outlook of his Sociology, (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992), p. 8.
See Werner Sombart,The Jews and Modern Capitalism, trans. by M. Epstein, (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books 1982).
, p. 231.
, p. 269.
See Ellsworth Faris, “If I Were a Jew,” inThe Nature of Human Nature and Other Essays in Social Psychology, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1937; reprint, Dubuque, Ia.: Brown Reprints, 1971), pp. 350–353.
Robert N. Bellah, Richard Madsen, William M. Sullivan, Ann Swidler, and Steven M. Tipton,Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985), p. 237.
Robert N. Bellah, Richard Madsen, William M. Sullivan, Ann Swidler, and Steven M. Tipton,The Good Society, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991), p. 306.
Theodor Mommsen,Auch ein Wort ueber unser Judentum, (Berlin: Weidmannische Buchhandlung, 1880), pp. 1–16. Translated as “Another Word About Our Jewry” by J. Hessing and published inThe Jew in the Modern World: A Documentary History, ed. by Paul R. Mendes-Flohr and Jehuda Reinharz, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), pp. 284–287. Quotation from p. 286.
Max Weber, “Science as a Vocation,” inFrom Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, trans. and ed. by Hans H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1946), p. 156.
See Theodor Herzl,The Jewish State, (New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1988), pp. 67–157. See also Ernest Pawel,The Labyrinth of Exile: A Life of Theodor Herzl, (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1989); and Steven Beller,Herzl, (New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991), esp. pp. 35–61, 107–126. For the debate over which values—those of the “old Yishuv” in pre-Zionist Palestine, or those of the “enlightened” Zionists fromfin-de-siecle Europe—should prevail in the Jewish homeland, see Jeff Halper,Between Redemption and Revival: The Jewish Yishuv of Jerusalem in the Nineteenth Century, (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1991).
, p. 287.
Loc. cit.
, pp. 40, 44, 46.
, p. 184.
, p. 199.
See Gerald Sorin,The Prophetic Minority: American Jewish Immigrant Radicals, 1880–1920, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985).
See Jessa Weissman Joselit,Our Gang: Jewish Crime and the New York Jewish Community, 1900–1940, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983); Arthur A. Goren,New York Jews and the Quest for Community: The Kehillah Experiment, 1908–1922 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1970); Albert Fried,The Rise and Fall of the Jewish Gangster in America, (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1980).
See Egal Feldman,The Dreyfus Affair and the American Conscience: 1895–1906, (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1981).
See Albert S. Lindemann,The Jew Accused: Three Anti-Semitic Affairs (Dreyfus, Beilis, Frank) 1894–1915, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991); and Abraham G. Duker, “Twentieth-Century Blood Libels in the United States,” in the Blood Libel Legend: A Casebook in Anti-Semitic Folklore, ed. by Alan Dundes, (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991), pp. 233–260.
See John Higham,Send These To Me: Jews and Other Immigrants in Urban America, (New York: Atheneum, 1975), pp. 138–220.
, p. 203.
, p. 205. See also Howard M. Sachar,A History of the Jews in America, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992), pp. 418–427.
Quoted from pp. 321–322 of William James's book of 1909,A Pluralistic Universe, in, p. 206.
Horace Kallen, “Democracy Versus the Melting Pot,”The Nation, C (February 18 and 25, 1915) is reprinted in Kallen,op. cit. Horace Kallen,Culture and Democracy in the United States: Studies in the Group Psychology of the American Peoples, (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1924; reprint, New York: Arno Press and the New York Times, 1970), pp. 67–125.
, pp. 206–208.
, p. 124.
, pp. 107–123.
, p. 63.
, p. 108.
, p. 129.
Loc. cit.
, p. 117.
Herbert Blumer, “Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position,”Pacific Sociological Review, I (Spring, 1958), pp. 3–7.
Gunnar Myrdal with the assistance of Richard Sterner and Arnold Rose,An American Dilemma, (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1944).
, p. 205.
, pp. 204–205.
, p. 206.
Loc. cit.
Loc. cit.
. pp. 206–207.
. p. 207.
, p. 206.
, p. 207.
Horace M. Kallen, “Humanistic Sources of Democracy,”The Liberal Spint: Essays on Problems of Freedom in the Modern World, (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1948), pp. 169–170.
, p. 178.
See Horace Meyer Kallen,William James and Henri Bergson: A Study in Contrasting Theories of Life, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1914), pp. 206–242.
, p. 117.
Kallen, “Humanistic Sources of Democracy,”, p. 190.
Quoted in Edward Abrahams,The Lyrical Left: Randolph Bourne, Alfred Stieglitz and the Origins of Cultural Radicalism in America, (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1986), p. 68.
, pp. 112–113.
, p. 226, n. 1.
Peter Kivisto, “The Transplanted Then and Now: The Reorientation of Immigration Studies From the Chicago School to the New Social History,”Ethnic and Racial Studies, XIII:4 (October, 1990), pp. 455–481, esp. pp. 463–468.
For the details of this encounter, see Ralph E. Luker,The Social Gospel in Black and White: American Racial Reform, 1885–1912, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991).
See Lillian D. Wald,The House on Henry Street, (New York: Henry Holt, 1915; reprint, New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1991), pp. 97–100, 216–219, 252–254, 263–266, 270–272, 302–303, 308.
Residents of Hull House,Hull House Maps and Papers: A Presentation of Nationalities and Wages in a Congested District of Chicago, Together With Comments and Essays on Problems Growing Out of the Social Conditions, (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1895, reprint, New York: Arno Press, and the New York Times, 1970), esp. pp. 91–114, 115–130, 131–142, 207–230; Arthur C. Holden,The Settlement Idea, (New York: Macmillan, 1922; reprint, New York: Arno Press and the New York Times, 1970); Robert A. Woods and Albert J. Kennedy,The Settlement Horizon, (New York: Russell Sage, 1922; reprint, New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1990), pp. 326–340.
See Stanford M. Lyman,Militarism Imperialism, and Racial Accommodation: An Analysis and Interpretation of the Early Writings of Robert E. Park, (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1992), pp. 41–135, 205–305.
Booker T. Washington with the collaboration of Robert E. Park,The Man Farthest Down: A Record of Observation and Study in Europe, (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1912; reprint, New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1984).
See, e.g., H. A. Millis,The Japanese Problem in the United States, (New York: Macmillan, 1915; and James A. B. Scherer,The Japanese Crisis, (New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 1916).
Robert E. Park, “Racial Assimilation in Secondary Groups With Particular Reference to the Negro,” inRace and Culture, The Collected Papers of Robert Ezra Park, Vol. I, ed. by Everett Cherrington Hughes, Charles S. Johnson, Jitsuichi Masuoka, Robert Redfield, and Louis Wirth, (Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press, 1950), pp. 208–209.
See Stow Persons,Ethnic Studies at Chicago, 1905–1945, (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987), pp. 77–97.
Judith Ann Trolander,Settlement Houses and the Great Depression, (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1975), p. 134.
, p. 146.
Loc. cit.
Ibid.Judith Ann Trolander,Settlement Houses and the Great Depression, (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1975), pp. 27–28.
Aaron Berman,Nazism, The Jews and American Zionism, 1933–1948, (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1990), p. 181.
See Robert G. Goldy,The Emergence of Jewish Theology in America, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990; and Abraham J. Peck, ed.,Jews and Christians After the Holocaust, (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1982).
See Peter Grose,Israel in the Mind of America, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1983), pp. 46–318; and Robert W. Ross,So It Was True: The American Protestant Press and the Persecution of the Jews (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1980)
See Edward Alexander,The Jewish Idea and Its Enemies: Personalities, Issues, Events, (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1991), pp. 77–96, 143–164. Alexander's work is polemical and should be read in relation to the writings ofTikkun editor Michael Lerner, cited in n. 90,infra.
See Howard M. Sachar,, pp. 563–594; Milton Plesur,Jewish Life in Twentieth-Century America: Challenge and Accommodation, (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1982), pp. 131–205; Nathan C. Belth,A Promise to Keep: A Narrative of the American Encounter With Anti-Semitism, (New York: Schocken Books, 1981)., pp. 146–294; and Thomas A. Kolsky,Jews Against Zionism: The American Council for Judaism, 1942–1948, (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990).
Quoted in Joseph H. Udelson,Dreamer of the Ghetto: The Life and Works of Israel Zangwill, (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1990), p. 194.
, p. 152.
See Gary Dean Best,To Free A People: American Jewish Leaders and the Jewish Problem in Eastern Europe, 1890–1914, (Westport, Ct.: Greenwood Press, 1982), pp. 218–223.
Ronald Sanders,The High Walls of Jerusalem: A History of the Balfour Declaration and the Birth of the British Mandate for Palestine, (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1983).
See Herbert Blumer, “The Future of the Color Line,” in Stanford M. Lyman and Arthur Vidich,Social Order and the Public Philosophy: An Analysis and Interpretation of the Work of Herbert Blumer, (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1988), pp. 208–222. For the current version of the debates among and between blacks and Jews over assimilation, culture, and pluralism, see Jack Salzman,et al., eds.Bridges and Boundaries: African Americans and American Jews, (New York: George Braziller in association with the Jewish Museum, 1992); and the essays by Jesse Jackson, James McPherson, Cornel West, Marshall Berman, Arnold Eisen, Roger Perry and Patricia Williams, Rachel Adler, Arthur Waskow, and Jacob Neusner, inTikkun: A Jewish Critique of Politics. Culture and Society, ed. by Michael Lerner, (Oakland, Calif.: Tikkun Books, 1992).
David Harvey,The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change, (Cambridge: Blackwell, 1990), p. 49.
Warren Montag, “What Is at Stake in the Debate on Postmodernism?” inPostmodernism and Its Discontents: Theories, Practices, ed. by E. Ann Kaplan, (London: Verso, 1988), pp. 88–103.
Henry Louis Gates, Jr., “Writing ‘Race’ and the Difference It Makes,” in, ed.,“Race”, Writing and Difference, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985), p. 6.
See Winthrop D. Jordan,White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550–1812, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1968). See also Dana D. Nelson,The Word in Black and White: Reading “Race” in American Literature, 1638–1867, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992). That the race question is an extension of the Jewish question—especially as that question arose in the century preceding the first voyage of Columbus and the expulsion of the Jews from Spain—both occurred in 1492 —is a feature of the challenging and original thesis of Jose Faur.
See two works by Lester F. Ward,Applied Sociology: A Treatise on the Conscious Improvement of Society by Society, (Boston: Ginn and Co., 1906), pp. 205–238; andPure Sociology: A Treatise on the Origin and Spontaneous Development of Society, 2nd edn., (New York: Macmillan, 1907; reprint, New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1970), pp. 108–110. See also the discussion of Ward's thesis in Arthur J. Vidich and Stanford M. Lyman,American Sociology: Worldly Rejections of Religion and Their Directions, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985), pp. 20–35.
Charles Johnson,Being and Race: Black Writing Since 1970, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988), p. 123.
See Adam Begley, “Henry Louis Gates, Jr.: Black Studies' New Star,”New York Times Magazine, Section 6 (April 1, 1990), pp. 24–27, 48–50. For two of Gates's essays critically examining the depiction of blacks in earlier eras, see Henry Louis Gates, Jr., “From Wheatley to Douglass: The Politics of Displacement,” inFrederick Douglass: New Literary and Historical Essays, ed. by Eric J. Sundquist, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp. 47–65; and “The Trope of the New Negro and the Reconstruction of the Image of the Black,” inThe New American Studies: Essays from Representations, ed. by Philip Fisher, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991), pp. 319–345.
Henry Louis Gates, Jr.,Figures in Black: Words, Signs, and the “Racial” Self, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), pp. xxii-xxiv.
, p. xxvi. See also Henry Louis Gates, Jr.,Loose Canons: Notes on the Culture Wars, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), pp. 3–42, 87–104.
Henry Louis Gates, Jr., “Canon-Formation, Literary History, and the Afro-American Tradition: From the Seen to the Told,” inAfro-American Literary Study in the 1990s, ed. by Houston A. Baker, Jr.., and Patricia Redmond, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989), p. 21.
, p. 20.
Quoted in, p. 24.
, pp. 24–25.
Jean Toomer,Cane, (New York: Harper and Row, 1969[1923]).
See James Haskins,Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback, (New York: Macmillan, 1973).
Since the republication ofCane in 1969, there has been a veritable renaissance in Toomer studies. See, among many, Frank Durham, comp.,Studies in Cane, (Columbus: Charles E. Merrill, 1971); Darwin T. Turner,In a Minor Chord: Three Afro-American Writers and Their Search for Identity, (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1971), pp. 1–59; Brian Joseph Benson and Mable Mayle Dillard,Jean Toomer, (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1980); Nellie Y. McKay,Jean Toomer, Artist: A study of His Literary Life and Work, 1894–1936, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984); Cynthia Earl Kerman and Richard Eldridge,The Lives of Jean Toomer: A Hunger for Wholeness, (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1987); Therman B. O'Daniel, ed.,Jean Toomer: A Critical Evaluation, (Washington, D C.: Howard University Press, 1988); Rudolph P. Byrd,Jean Toomer's Years with Gurdjieff: Portrait of an Artist, 1923–1936, (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1990). Republications of Toomer's works include, in addition toCane, citedsupra, The Wayward and the Seeking: A Collection of Writings by Jean Toomer, ed. by Darwin T. Turner, (Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, 1980); andEssentials, ed. by Rudolph P. Byrd, (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1991).
Jean Toomer, “Autobiographical Sketches: TheCane Years,” in The Wayward and the Seeking, ; p. 121.
,” in The Wayward and the Seeking, ; pp. 121–122.
pp. 121–122.
, p. 202.
Loc. cit.
Loc. cit.
Loc. cit.
Bernard W. Bell,The Afro-American Novel and Its Tradition, (Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1987), p. 101.
The most important essays of the Frazier-Herskovitz debate will be found in “Part III: The African Diaspora and Cultural Survivals: The Frazier-Herskovitz Debate,”Intergroup Relations: Sociological Perspectives, ed. by Pierre van den Berghe, (New York: Basic Books, 1972), pp. 103–136.
See two works by Melville J. Herskovitz,The Myth of the Negro Past, (Boston: Beacon Press, 1958 [1941]); andThe New World Negro: Selected Papers in Afro-American Studies, ed. by Frances S. Herskovitz, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966), esp. pp. 83–134, 157–198, 321–361.
Melville J. Herskovitz,The American Negro: A Study in Racial Crossing, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1964 [1928]).
p. viii.
Loc. cit.
Robert E. Park, “The Conflict and Fusion of Cultures With Special Reference to the Negro,”Journal of Negro History, IV:2 (April, 1919), pp. 111–133. See also my discussion of Park's concept of temperament in Stanford M. Lyman,Militarism, Imperialism, and Racial Accommodation: An Analysis and Interpretation of the Early Writings of Robert E. Park, op. cit., (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1992), pp. 106–112, 132. Park's essay is reprinted on pp. 290–305 of this book.
See Stanford M. Lyman and William A. Douglass “Ethnicity: Strategies of Collective and Individual Impression Management,”Social Research, XL:2 (Summer, 1973), pp. 344–365; William A. Douglass and Stanford M. Lyman, “L'Ethnie: Structure, Processus, et Saillance,” trans. by Alain Kihm,Cahiers Internationaux de Sociologie, LXI (1976), pp. 197–220; and Stanford M. Lyman, “The Existential Self: Language and Silence in the Formation of Human Identity,” inidem, Civilization: Contents. Discontents, Malcontents and Other Essays in Social Theory, (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1990), pp. 250–258.
Toni Morrison,Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination, The William E. Massey, Sr., Lectures in the History of American Civilization, 1990, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992).
. pp. 32, 33.
See two works by Bernard Bailyn,The Peopling of North America: An Introduction, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986); andVoyagers to the West: A Passage in the Peopling of America on the Eve of the Revolution, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986).
Jacques Derrida,Speech and Phenomena and Other Essays on Husserl's Theory of Signs, trans. by David B. Allison, (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1973), pp. 82 n. 8, 129 n. 1.
p. 44.
. p. 45.
. p. 47–48.
, p. 48.
, p. 142. Emphasis supplied.
For the concept of the time track, see Stanford M. Lyman and Marvin B. Scott,A Sociology of the Absurd, 2nd edn., (Dix Hills, N.Y.: General Hall, Inc., 1989), pp. 35–50.
, p. 47.
Joel Williamson,New People: Miscegenation and Mulattoes in the United States, (New York: The Free Press, 1980), p. 195.
See Charles C. Lemert, “The Uses of French Structuralisms in Sociology,” inFrontiers of Social Theory: The New Syntheses, ed. by George Ritzer, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1990), pp. 230–254. See also Richard Harvey Brown,Society as Text: Essays on Rhetoric, Reason and Reality, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), esp. pp. 97–192; and Brown, ed.,Writing the Social Text: Poetics and Politics in Social Science Discourse, (New York: Aldine DeGruyter, 1992), esp. pp. 39–52, 91–116.
See two works by Nathan Glazer, and Daniel Patrick Moynihan,Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City, 2nd edn., (Cambridge: M.I.T. Press, 1970); and with Corinne S. Schelling, eds.,Ethnicity: Theory and Experience, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975), esp. pp. 1–266. For an earlier period see Joyce D. Goodfriend,Before the Melting Pot: Society and Culture in Colonial New York City, 1664–1730, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992).
Charles Silberman,Crisis in Black and White, (New York: Random House, 1964), p. 165.
Loc. cit.
Loc. cit.
Loc. cit.
See e.g., the three essays on Frederick Douglass' narrative by Robert B. Stepto, Robert G. O'Meally, and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., inAfro-American Literature: The Reconstruction of Instruction, ed. by Dexter Fisher and Robert B. Stepto, (New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1979), pp. 171–232.
Roxana Robinson, “It's Not Easy Being a WASP,”—a review ofFalse Gods (Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1992), by Louis Auchincloss,The New York Times Book Review, Sec. 7 (March 15, 1992), p. 8.
Robert E. Park, “The Nature of Race Relations,” in,Race Relations and the Race Problem, ed. by Edgar T. Thompson, (Durham: Duke, University Press, 1939), p. 45.
Kwame Anthony Appiah,In My Father's House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), p. 143.
Gian Biagio Conte,The Rhetoric of Imitation: Genre and Poetic Memory in Virgil and Other Latin Poets, trans. by Charles Segal, (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1986), pp. 23–24.
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Lyman, S.M. The assimilation—pluralism debate: Toward a postmodern resolution of the American ethnoracial dilemma. Int J Polit Cult Soc 6, 181–210 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01395298
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01395298