Abstract
Inadequate attention has been given to labor-management relations in health care organizations. Bacause of the labor-intensive nature of health care and the great dependence on human resources, health services researchers should place greater emphasis on labor-management issues. This article develops a framework and suggests methodologies for examining labor relations in health care organizations. Specifically, six cirtical issues are suggested for attention by researchers: (1) the quality of the union-management relationship; (2) union organizing drives; (3) collective bargaining and contract negotiations; (4) impasse resolution; (5) contract administration and grievance handling; and (6) labor-management cooperation. These areas of research have been dominated by industrial relations researchers who have focused primarily on the manufacturing sector. Given cost containment and competitive pressures, it is timely to bridge the gap between the health services research community and the accumulating body of knowledge in industrial relations.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
American Hospital Association (1972). AHA research capsules-No. 6,Hospitals, 46(7), 216–218.
American Hospital Association (1977).Hospital Statistics. Chicago: Author.
Andrews, F. W., & Huszczo, G. E. (1984). Progress toward the development of a measure of the quality of union-management relationships. Paper presented at the 20th annual meeting of the Southern Management Association, New Orleans.
Barbash, J. (1984). Trade unionism from Roosevelt to Reagan. In Ferman, L. A. (Ed.),The Future of American Unionism. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Becker, B., & Miller, R. (1981). Patterns and determinants of union growth in the hospital industry.Journal of Labor Research,2, 309–327.
Biasatti, L. L., & Martin, J. E. (1979). A measure of quality of union-management relationships.Journal of Applied Psychology, 64, 387–390.
Biasatti, L. L., Martin, J. E., & Barclay, L. A. (1978). Important elements in federal union-management relationships. InProceedings of the 21st Annual Midwest Academy of Management, 198–209.
Block, R. (1979). Unionization in the health care industry; An overview.Journal of Health and Human Resource Administration, 2(1), 40–58.
Brett, J. M. (1980). Behavioral research on unions and union-management systems. In Staw, B. M., and Cummings, L. L. (Eds.),Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 2. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Brown, C., & Medoff, J. (1978). Trade unions in the production process.Journal of Political Economy, 86, 335–378.
Bullock, R. J., Macy, B. A., & Mirvis, P. H. (1983). Assessing unions and union-management collaboration in organizational change. In Seaschore, S. E., Lawler, E. E., Mirvis, P. H., and Cammann, C. (Eds.),Assessing Organizational Change: A Guide to Methods, Measures and Practices. New York, John Wiley & Sons.
Constantiono, G. E. (1975). The negotiaor in collective bargaining.Personeel Journal, 54, 445–447.
Delaney, J. T. (1981). Union success in hospital representation elections.Industrial Relations, 20, 149–161.
Department of Health and Human Services (1982).Health—United States 1982. Hyattsville, MD: Author.
Derber, M. (1982). Are we in a new stage? In Dennis, B. D. (Ed.),Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Indistrial Relations Research Association, 1–9. Madison, WI Industrial Relations Research Association.
Dworkin, J. T. (1980). Unionism in hospitals, or what's happened since PL 93-360?Health Care Management Review, 5, 75–81.
Elkin, R. D. (1975). Negotiating and administering a union contract.Hospital Progress, 56, 40–43.
Epstein, R. L. (1975). Guide to NLRB rules on solicitatioin and distribution.Hospitals, 49(16), 43–47.
Fottler, M. D. (1977). The union impact on hospital wages.Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 30, 342–355.
Freeman, D., & Kirkman-Liff, B. L. (1984). Trends in hospital unionization and a predictive model for union success.Hospital and Health Services Administration, 29(6), 101–114.
Freeman, R. B., & Medoff, J. L. (1984).What Do Unions Do? New York: Basic Books.
Fukami, C. V., & Larson, E. (1982). The relationship between union commitment and organizational commitment: Dual loyalty re-examined. In Chung, K. H. (Ed.),Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Adademy of Management, New York.
Gallagher, D. G., Maxey, C. T., & Wetzel, K. (1984). Nonwage impacts of unionism in the hospital industry. Paper presented at the 44th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Boston.
Getman, J. G., Goldberg, S. B., & Herman, J. B. (1976).Union Representation Elections: Law and Reality. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Gobson, R. M. (1980). National health expenditures, 1979.Health Care Financing Review, 2, 1.
Goldberg, A. M., & Pegels, C. C. (1984).Quality Circles in Health Care Facilities: A Model for Excellence, Rockwille, MD: Aspen Systems Corporation.
Gordon, M. E., and Miller, S. J. (1984). Grievances: A review of research and practice.Personnel Psychology, 37, 117–146.
Guest, R. H. (1979). Quality of worklife-learning from Tarrytown.Harvard Business Review 57(4), 76–87.
Hall, J. (1969).Conflict Management Survey: A Survey of One's Characteristic Reaction to and Handling of Conflicts between Himself and Others. Conroe, TX: Telecometrics International.
Hamner, W. C., & Smith, F. J. (1978). Work attitudes as predictors of unionization activity.Journal of Applied Psychology 63, 415–421.
Hanlon, M. D., & Gladstein, D. L. (1984): Improving the quality of work life in hospitals: A case study.Hospital and Health Services Administration, 29(5), 94–107.
Hartley, J. (1984). Industrial relations psychology. In Gruneberg, M., and Wall, T. (Eds.),Social Psychology and Organizational Behaviour. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Huszczo, G. E. (1984). A labor relations research agenda for health care settings. Paper presented at the 44th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Boston.
Ingrassia, A. F. (1974). Coefficients of success in federal LMR programs.Civil Service Journal, 15, 6–10.
Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1978).The Social Psychology of Organizations (2nd ed.) New York: Wiley.
Kelly, E. P. (1984) Union organizing in the health care industry. Paper presented to the 44th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Boston.
Kilgour, J. G. (1984). Union organizing activity in the hospital industry.Hospital and Health Services Administration, 29(6), 79–90.
Kilmann, R. H., & Thomas, K. W. (1975). Developing a forced-choine measure of conflict-handling behavior: The “mode instrument”.Educational and Psychological Measurement, 37, 306–325.
Kistler, A. (1984). Union organizing: New challenges and prospects. In Ferman, L. A. (Ed.),The Future of American Unionism. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Kochan, T. A. (1979). How American workers view labor unions.Monthyly Labor Review, 102(4), 23–31.
Kochan, T. A. (1980).Collective bargaining and Industrial Relations: From Theory to Policy and Practice. Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin.
Kochan, T. A., & Jick, T. (1978). The public sector mediation process: A theory and empirical examination.The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 22, 214–240.
Lawrence, P. R., & Lorsch, J. W. (1967).Organization and Environment. Boston: Harvard University Graduate School of Business.
Lawshe, C. H., & Guion, R. M. (1951). A comparsion of management-labor attitudes toward grievance procedures.Personnel Psychology, 4, 33–17
Lewin, K. (1951).Field Theory in Social Science. New York: Harper & Row.
Macy, B. A., & Mirvis, P. H. (1976). A methodology for assessment of quality of work life and organizational effectiveness in behavioral-economic terms.Administrative Science Quarterly, 21, 212–226.
Magenau, J. M., & Pruitt, D. G. (1979) The social psychology of bargaining. In Stephenson, G., & Brotherton, C. (Eds.),Industrial Relations: A Stocial Psychological Approach, Chichester, MA: Wiley-Interscience.
Marceau, L., & Musgrave, R. (1949). Strikes in essential industries: A way out.Harvard Business Review, 27(2), 3.
Maxey, C. (1980). Hospital managers' perceptions of the impact of unionization.Monthly Labor Review, 103(6), 36–38.
McGrath, J. E. (1966). A social psychologgcal apprach to the study of negotiation. In Bowers, R. (Ed.),Studies on Behavior in Organizations: A Research Symposium. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
McKinney, M. M. (1984). The newest mirade drug: Quality circles in hospitals.Hospital and Health Services Administration, 29(5), 74–87.
McLaughlin, D. B., & Fraser, D. A. (1984). Collective bargaining: The next twenty years. In Ferman, L. A. (Ed.)The Future of American Unionism, Beverley Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Metzger, N. (1970). Labor relations.Hospitals, 44(6), 80–84.
Metzger, N., Ferentino, J. M., & Kruger, K. F. (1984).When Health Care Employees Strike: A Guide for Planning and Actional Rockville, MD: Aspen Systems Corporation.
Miller, R. U. (1980). Hospitals. In Somers, G. G. (Ed.),Collective Bargaining: Contemporary American Experience, Industrial Relations Research Series, Madison, WI Industrial Relations Research Association.
Mitchell, D. J. B. (1982). Is union wage determination at a turning point? In Dennis, B. D. (Ed.),Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Industrial Relations Research Association, 354–361. Madison, WI: Industrial Relations Research Association.
Morley, L., and Stephenson, G. (1977).The Social Psychology of Bargaining. London: Allen and Unwin.
Mowday, R. T. (1983). Equity theory predictions of behavior in organizations. In Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (Eds.),Motivation and Work Behavior (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Mulder, M. (1971). Power equalizations through participation.Administrative Science Quarterly, 16, 31–38.
Myers, I. B. (1980).Gifts Differing. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Nadler, D. A. (1978). Hospitals, organized labor and quality of work: An intervention case study.Journal of Applied Behavioural Science, 14, 366–381.
Nadler, D. A., & Lawler, E. E., III. (1983). Quality of work life: Perspectives and directions.Organizational Dynamics, 11(3), 20–30.
Peterson, R. B., & Tracy, L. (1977). Testing a behavioral model of labor negotiations.Industrial Relations, 16, 35–50.
Pointer, D. D. (1974). How the 1974 Taft-Hartley Amendments will affect health care facilities, part J.Hospital Progress, 55, 68–70.
Pointer, D. D., & Metzger, N. (1975).The National Labor Relations Act. New York: Spectrum Books.
Porter, L. W., & Lawler, E. E., III. (1968).Managerial Attitudes and Performance, Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.
Rakich, J. S., Longest, B. B., & O'Donovan, T. R. (1977).Managing Health Care Organizations. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
Richardson, R. C. (1977).Collective Bargaining by Objectives: A Positive Approach. Englewood Cliff, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Rosen, N., Greenhaigh, L., & Anderson, J. C. (1981). The cognitive structure of industrial/labor relationships.International Review of Applied Psychology, 30, 217–233.
Rubin, J. Z., & Brown, B. R. (1975).The Social Psychology of Bargaining and Negotiating. New York: Academic Press.
Schoen, C. (1982). The labour movement in health care: USA. In Sehti, A. S., & Dimmock, S. J. (Eds.),Industrial Relations and Health Services, 54–73. London: Croom Helm.
Schramm, C. J. (1977). The role of hospital cost regulatory agencies in collective bargaining.Labor Law Journal, 28, 519–525.
Schriesheim, C. A. (1978). Job satisfaction, attitudes towards unions and voting in a union representation election.Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 548–552.
Schwartz, H. (1975). Public will not tolerate disruptive strikes.Hospitals, 49(22), 43–46.
Sear, A. (1982). Trends in hospital unionization since the 1974 amendments to the National Labor Relation Act.Hospital and Health Services Administration, 27, 26–38.
Sekscenski, E. (1981). The health services industry: A decade of expansion.Monthly Labor Review, 104(5), 9–16.
Sexton, P. C. (1982).The New Nightingales: Hospital Workers, Unions, Women's Issues. New York: Enquiry Press.
Simpson, R. L. (1972)Theories of Social Exchange. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.
Solsnick, S. H. (1964). Non-stoppage strikes: A new approach.Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 18(1), 73–80.
Tatge, M. (1984). Job security called key to dispute as 6,000 Twin Cities nurses strike.Modern Health Care, 15(6), 37–38.
Thomson, A. W. J., & Murray, V. V. (1976).Grievance Procedures. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Tichy, N. M. (1978). Diagnosis for complex health care delivery systems: A model and case study.Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 14, 305–320.
Walton, R. E., & McKersie, R. B. (1965).A Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotiations: An Analysis of a Social Interaction System. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Weinstein, P. A. (1979). Impact of hospital cost review on industrial relations. In B. D. Dennis (Ed.),Proceedings of the 1979 Spring Meeting of the Industrial Relations Research Association, 503–511. Madison, WI: Industrial Relations Research Association. Reprinted fromLabor Law Journal, 30, 503–511.
Weisbrod, M. (1976). Why organization development hasn't worked (so far) in medical centers.Health Care Management Review, 1(2), 17–38.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huszezo, G.E., Fried, B.J. A labor relations research agenda for health care settings. Employ Respons Rights J 1, 69–84 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01385454
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01385454