Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characterization of a new calicivirus isolated from feces of a dog

  • Original Papers
  • Published:
Archives of Virology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Canine calicivirus (CaCV), isolated from feces of a dog with diarrhea, was readily propagated in cultures of canine cells and in a dolphin cell line. Serologic evidence indicated many dogs in at least one geographic area had been infected with CaCV, but its role as an etiologic agent of disease was not established. In cell culture most CaCV virions were strongly cell-associated making purification difficult. CaCV was established as a member of the Caliciviridae by morphology and physicochemical properties of virions (density, sedimentation rate, single major polypeptide, RNA genome size), although some of the properties differed slightly from those of previously described caliciviruses; evidence was also obtained for caliciviral RNA species in infected cells. Based on tests with antisera to numerous caliciviruses and presumed caliciviruses, CaCV appeared to be not closely related to any previously described virus except the stunting syndrome agent of chickens.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ashley, C. R., Caul, E. O.: Potassium tartrate-glycerol as a density gradient substrate for separation of small, round viruses from human feces. J. Clin. Microbiol.16, 337–381 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bankowski, R. A., Wood, M.: Experimental vesicular exanthema in the dog. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn.123, 115–118 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bridger, J. C., Hall, G. A., Brown, J. F.: Characterization of a calici-like virus (Newbury agent) found in association with astrovirus in bovine diarrhea. Infect. Immun.43, 133–138 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Black, D. N., Burroughs, J. N., Harris, T. J. R., Brown, F.: The structure and replication of calcivirus RNA. Nature274, 614–615 (1978).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Black, J. W.: Single serum-sample diagnosis of canine viral disease. Vet. Med. Small Animal Clin.1983, 1393–1396.

  6. Burke, R. L., Anderson, P. J., Bauer, W. R.: Resolution of single- and double-stranded RNAs in buoyant cesium trichloroacetate. Anal. Biochem.86, 264–270 (1978).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Chiba, S., Sakuma, Y., Kogasaka, R., Akihara, M., Horino, K., Nakao, T., Fukui, S.: An outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with calicivirus in an infant home. J. Med. Virol.4, 249–254 (1979).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Cubitt, W. D., Barrett, A. D. T.: Propagation of human candidate calicivirus in cell culture. J. gen. Virol.65, 1123–1126 (1984).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Cubitt, W. D., McSwiggan, D. A., Moore, W.: Winter vomiting disease caused by calicivirus. J. Clin. Path.32, 786–793 (1979).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Cubitt, W. D., Pead, P. J., Saeed, A. A.: A new serotype of calicivirus associated with an outbreak of gastroenteritis in a residential home for the elderly. J. Clin. Pathol.34, 924–926 (1981).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Ehresmann, D. W., Schaffer, F. L.: RNA synthesized in calicivirus-infected cells is atypical of picornaviruses. J. Virol.22, 572–576 (1977).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Evermann, J. F., Smith, A. W., Skilling, D. E., McKeirnan, A. J.: Ultrastructure of newly recognized caliciviruses of the dog and mink. Arch. Virol.76, 257–261 (1983).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Gillespie, J. H., Scott, F. W.: Feline viral infections. Adv. Vet. Sci. Comp. Med.17, 163–200 (1973).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Greenberg, H. B., Valdesuso, J. R., Kalica, A. R., Wyatt, R. G., McAuliffe, V. J., Kapikian, A. Z., Chanock, R. M.: Proteins of Norwalk virus. J. Virol.37, 994–999 (1981).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Heckly, R. J.: A system for fractionating by density gradient procedures. Anal. Biochem.2, 97–102 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Hillman, B., Morris, T. J., Kellen, W. R., Hoffman, D., Schlegel, D. E.: An invertebrate calici-like virus: Evidence for partial virion disintegration in host excreta. J. gen. Virol.60, 115–123 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Humphrey, T. J., Cruickshank, J. G., Cubitt, W. D.: An outbreak of calicivirus associated gastroenteritis in an elderly persons home. A possible zoonosis? J. Hyg., Camb.92, 293–299 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Kalunda, M., Lee, K. M., Holmes, D. F., Gillespie, J. H.: Serologic classification of feline caliciviruses by plaque-reduction neutralization and immunodiffusion. Am. J. Vet. Res.36, 353–356 (1975).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Kjeldsberg, E.: Small spherical viruses in faeces from gastroenteritis patients. Acta path. microbiol. scand.B 85, 351–354 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Madin, S. H., Traum, J.: Vesicular exanthema of swine. Bacteriol. Rev.19, 6–21 (1955).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Mandel, B.: The extraction of ribonucleic acid from poliovirus by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate. Virology22, 360–367 (1964).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. McSwiggan, D. A., Cubitt, D., Moore, W.: Calicivirus associated with winter vomiting disease. Lancet1978, 1215.

  23. Oglesby, A. S., Schaffer, F. L., Madin, S. H.: Biochemical and biophysical properties of vesicular exanthema of swine virus. Virology44, 329–341 (1971).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Pedersen, N. C., Laliberte, L., Ekman, S.: A transient febrile “limping” syndrome of kittens caused by two different strains of feline calicivirus. Feline Pract.13, 26–35 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Povey, R. C.: The preparation of a polyvalent feline calicivirus antiserum. Can. J. Comp. Med.43, 187–193 (1979).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Saif, L. J., Bohl, E. H., Theil, K. W., Cross, R. F., House, J. A.: Rotavirus-like, calicivirus-like, and 23-nm virus-like particles associated with diarrhea in young pigs. J. Clin. Microbiol.12, 105–111 (1980).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Schaffer, F. L.: Caliciviruses. In:Fraenkel-Conrat, H., Wagner, R. R. (eds.), Comprehensive Virology, Vol. 14, Chap. 4, 249–284. New York: Plenum 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Schaffer, F. L., Bachrach, H. L., Brown, F., Gillespie, J. H., Burroughs, J. N., Madin, S. H., Madeley, C. R., Povey, R. C., Scott, F., Smith, A. W., Studdert, M. J.: Caliciviridae. Intervirology14, 1–6 (1980).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Schaffer, F. L., Ehresmann, D. W., Fretz, M. K., Soergel, M. E.: A protein, VPg, covalently linked to 36S calicivirus RNA. J. gen. Virol.47, 215–220 (1980).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Schaffer, F. L., Soergel, M. E.: Single major polypeptide of a calicivirus: Characterization by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and stabilization of virions by cross-linking with dimethyl suberimidate. J. Virol.19, 925–931 (1976).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Smith, A. W., Akers, T. G., Madin, S. H., Vedros, N. A.: San Miguel sea lion virus isolation, preliminary characterization and relationship to vesicular exanthema of swine virus. Nature244, 108–110 (1973).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Smith, A. W., Akers, T. G., Prato, C. M., Bray, H.: Prevalence and distribution of four serotypes of SMSV serum neutralizing antibodies in wild animal populations. J. Wildl. Dis.12, 326–334 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Smith, A. W., Mattson, D. E., Skilling, D. E., Schmitz, J. A.: Isolation and partial characterization of a calicivirus from calves. Am. J. Vet. Res.44, 851–855 (1983).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Smith, A. W., Ritter, D. G., Ray, G. C., Skilling, D. E., Wartzok, D.: New calicivirus isolates from feces of walrus(Odobenus rosmarus). J. Wildl. Dis.19, 86–89 (1983).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Smith, A. W., Skilling, D. E., Ensley, P. K., Benirschke, K., Lester, T. L.: Calicivirus isolation and persitence in a pygmy chimpanzee (Pan paniscus). Science221, 79–81 (1983).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Smith, A. W., Skilling, D. E., Ridgway, S.: Calicivirus-induced vesicular disease in cetaceans and probable interspecies transmission. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.183, 1223–1225 (1983).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Smith, A. W., Skilling, D. E., Ritchie, A. E.: Immunoelectron microscopic comparisons of caliciviruses. Am. J. Vet. Res.39, 1531–1533 (1978).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Soergel, M. E., Schaffer, F. L., Sawyer, J. C., Prato, C. M.: Assay of antibodies to caliciviruses by radioimmune precipitation using staphylococcal protein A as IgG adsorbent. Arch. Virol.57, 271–282 (1978).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Soergel, M. E., Smith, A. W., Schaffer, F. L.: Biophysical comparisons of calicivirus serotypes isolated from pinnipeds. Intervirology5, 239–244 (1975).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Terashima, H., Chiba, Sh., Sakuma, Y., Kogasaka, R., Nakata, Sh., Minami, R., Horino, K., Nakao, T.: The polypeptide of a human calicivirus. Arch. Virol.78, 1–7 (1983).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Woode, G. N., Bridger, J. C.: Isolation of small viruses resembling astroviruses and caliciviruses from acute enteritis of calves. J. Med. Microbiol.11, 441–452 (1978).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Wrigley, N. G.: The lattice spacing of crystalline catalase as an internal standard of length in electron microscopy. J. Ultrastruct. Res.24, 454–464 (1968).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Wyeth, P. J., Chettle, N. J., Labram, J.: Avian calicivirus. Vet. Rec., 477 (1981).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Naval Biosciences Laboratory, University of California, School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, USA

    F. L. Schaffer & M. E. Soergel

  2. Specialized Assays, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee, USA

    J. W. Black

  3. College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA

    D. E. Skilling & A. W. Smith

  4. Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central Middlesex Hospital, London, U.K.

    W. D. Cubitt

Authors
  1. F. L. Schaffer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. E. Soergel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. W. Black
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. D. E. Skilling
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. W. Smith
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. W. D. Cubitt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

With 5 Figures

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Schaffer, F.L., Soergel, M.E., Black, J.W. et al. Characterization of a new calicivirus isolated from feces of a dog. Archives of Virology 84, 181–195 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01378971

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01378971

Keywords

Search

Navigation