Summary
The results of HLA-DQα typing from 42 routine forensic cases using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were analyzed regarding the reliability, discrimination efficiency and informative value of this system in a given case. The cases included stain typing from a variety of different substrates, i.e. blood and semen stains, mixed body fluids, single hairs, cigarette butts, material from fingernail scratches, as well as identification and paternity cases on postmortem and fixed tissue. A total of 125 individual stain and tissue samples were included. PCR amplification was achieved in 70% of these samples. In cases with mixed body fluids, e.g. sperm and vaginal cells from rape cases, DQα typing was always carried out successfully. However, only approx. 42% of all samples that could be typed were relevant regarding the inclusion or exclusion of a suspect. This was mostly due to the limited number of alleles that can be typed at the HLA-DQα locus or to the fact that the stain or hair samples did not originate from the perpetrator, but from the victim or from other persons not related to the crime.
Zusammenfassung
Die Ergebnisse der HLA-DQα-Typisierung unter Anwendung der Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (engl. Abk. PCR) wurden anhand von 42 Routine-Spurenfällen in Hinsicht auf die Zuverlässigkeit, die Unterscheidungskraft und den Beweiswert ausgewertet. Es wurden dabei eine Reihe verschiedener Körperflüssigkeiten und -gewebe untersucht, so z. B. Blut- und Spermaflecken, Mischsekrete, Einzelhaare, Zigarettenkippen sowie Fingernagelschmutz von Kratzspuren. Außerdem wurden postmortal asservierte sowie fixierte bzw. Paraffin-eingebettete Gewebe im Zusammenhang mit Abstammungs- und Identitätsgutachten typisiert. Dabei konnten insgesamt 125 Einzelspuren untersucht werden. Die PCR-Typisierung war in 70% der Proben erfolgreich. Mischsekrete, z. B. aus Sperma- und vaginalen Epithelzellen von Sexualdelikten, konnten in allen Fällen typisiert werden. Allerdings war das Ergebnis nur in ca. 42% der typisierten Spuren informativ in Hinsicht auf Einschluß oder Ausschluß von Tatverdächtigen. In den meisten Fällen lag dies daran, daß entweder kein Merkmalsunterschied zwischen Spur und Opfer vorlag oder daß die Blut- oder Haarspuren nicht vom Täter, sondern vom Opfer bzw. von unbeteiligten Zeugen stammten und somit für die Tat nicht relevant waren.
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Schneider, P.M., Rittner, C. Experience with the PCR-based HLA-DQα DNA typing system in routine forensic casework. Int J Leg Med 105, 295–299 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01370388
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01370388