Summary
The genetic polymorphism of human interalpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) has been investigated in sialidase-treated samples by isoelectric focusing on polyarcrylamide gels with a pH range 3.5–9.5 followed by passive blotting with enzyme immunoassay. In 400 blood donors from western Japan, 8 simplified band patterns were observed, 6 of which could be explained by the previously described 3 polymorphic alleles, ITI*1, ITI*2, and ITI*3. The others were products of a new and rare fourth allele designated ITI*4, whose expression is also consistent with autosomal codominant inheritance. The frequency of these alleles was 0.440, 0.526, 0.030 and 0.004, respectively. The theoretical exclusion rate for putative fathers in paternity cases was calculated to be 0.228. The ITI system is a useful genetic marker for forensic hemogenetics in Japanese and in Europeans.
Zusammenfassung
Der genetische Polymorphismus des menschlichen Inter-Alpha-Trypsin-Inhibitors (ITI) wurde mit Hilfe der isoelektrischen Fokussierung an Sialidase-behandelten Seren untersucht. Der pH-Bereich war von 3,5 bis 9,5, an die Elektrophorese schloß sich ein passiver Blot an mit anschließendem Enzym-ImmunoEssay. Bei 400 Blutspendern aus West-Japan wurden 8 vereinfachte Bandenmuster beobachtet, von denen 6 durch die bereits früher beschriebenen polymorphen Allele ITI*1, ITI*2 und ITI*3 erklärt werden konnten. Die anderen Phänotypen waren Produkte eines neuen und seltenen 4. Allels, welches als ITI*4 bezeichnet wurde und dessen Expression ebenfalls mit der Annahme eines autosomalen kodominanten Erbganges konsistent ist. Die Frequenz dieser Allele war 0,440, 0,526, 0,030 und 0,004. Die theoretische Ausschließungschance für Putativväter in Vaterschaftsfällen wurde mit 0,228 errechnet. Das ITI-System ist ein nützlicher genetischer Marker für die forensische Hämogenetik in der japanischen und europäischen Bevölkerung.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Diarra-Mehrpor M, Bourguignon J, Sesboüe R, Mattéï MG, Passage E, Salier J-P, Martin J-P (1989) Human plasma intera-trypsin-inhibitor is encoded by four genes on three chromosomes. Eur J Biochem 179:147–154
Diarra-Mehrpor M, Bourguignon J, Sesboüe R, Salier J-P, Léveillard T, Martin J-P (1990) Structural analysis of the human inter-α-trypsin inhibitor light-chain gene. Eur J Biochem 191:131–139
Enghild JJ, Thøgersen IB, Pizzo SV, Salveson G (1989) Analysis of inter-α-trypsin inhibitor and a novel trypsin inhibitor, pre- a-trypsin inhibitor, from human plasma. J Biol Chem 264: 15975–15981
Gebhard W, Hochstrasser K, Fritz H, Enghild JJ, Pizzo SV, Salvesen G (1990) Structure of Inter-α-inhibitor (Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor) and pre-a-inhibitor: current state and proposition of a new terminology. Biol Chem Hoppe-Seyler 371 (Suppl)13–222
Heide K, Heimburger N, Haupt H (1965) An inter-alpha-trypsin-inhibitor of human serum. Clin Chim Acta 11: 82–85
Salier J-P (1990) Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor: emergence of a family within the Kunitz-type protease inhibitor superfamily. Trends Biochem Genet 15:435–438
Smith M, Simpson NE (1989) Report of the committee on the genetic constitution of chromosomes 9 and 10. Cytogenet Cell Genet 51:202–225
Steinbuch M (1976) Inter-α-trypsin-inhibitor. Methods Enzymol 45:760–772
Steinbuch M, Loeb J (1961) Isolation of an α2-globulin from human plasma. Nature 192:1196
Vogt U, Cleve H (1990) A new genetic polymorphism of a human serum protein: inter- alpha-trypsin-inhibitor. Hum Genet 84:151–154
Yuasa I, Umetsu K (1988) Genetic polymorphism of human α2HS-glycoprotein: characterization and application to forensic hemogenetics. Electrophoresis 9:404–410
Zuffardi O, Caiulo A, Maraschio P, Tupler R, Bianchi E, Amisano P, Beluffi G, Moratti R, Liguri G (1989) Regional assignment of the loci for adenylate kinase to 9q32 and for al-acid glycoprotein to 9q31-q32. A locus for Goltz syndrome in region 9q32-qter? Hum Genet 82:17–19
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Dedicated to Professor I. Tsuchie on the occasion of his 60th birthday
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yuasa, I., Suenaga, K., Saneshige, Y. et al. Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI): A useful genetic system in paternity testing. Evidence for polymorphic occurrence ofITI*3 and existence of a new allele,ITI*4 . Int J Leg Med 104, 197–199 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01369806
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01369806