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Identification of fetal hemoglobin and simultaneous estimation of bloodstain age by high-performance liquid chromatography

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Summary

A method using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the identification of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) and the simultaneous estimation of bloodstain age is described. Umbilical cord and neonatal bloodstains can be differentiated from adult stains by the presence of γ-globin chains which are characteristic of Hb F. With this method, cord and neonatal blood could be distinguished from adult blood in stains up to 32 weeks old. The age of the stain was estimated from the ratio of the peak area of the α-globin chain to that of heme on the same chromatogram. The ratio decreased gradually with an increase in the age of the stain up to 20 weeks old. Studies performed at each time period revealed no significant difference in the ratios of cord and neonatal bloodstains or in the ratios of cord and adult stains. The regression equation calculated from the ratios (y) and the ages of stains in weeks (x) expressed logarithmically isy = 2.5758 − 0.2497 ln(x) and the coefficient of correlation is −0.7491 (n = 252,P < 0.001). The present method, having the advantages of simplicity, speed and sensitivity, should be of great value to forensic science.

Zusammenfassung

Beschrieben wird eine „reverse-phase” — HPLC-Methode für die Identifizierung von fetalem Hämoglobin (Hb F) und zur gleichzeitigen Bestimmung des Blutspuren-Alters. Blutspuren von Blut aus Nabelvenen und von Neugeborenen können von Blutspuren erwachsener Personen durch die Anwesenheit der γ-Globin-Ketten differenziert werden, welche für Hb F charakteristisch sind. Mit Hilfe dieser Methode gelang die Differenzierung zwischen bis zu 32 Wochen alten Blutspuren aus Nabelschnüren und Neugeborenen einerseits und von Erwachsenen andererseits. Das Alter der Spur wurde bestimmt aus dem Verhältnis der Peak-Fläche, der α-Globin-Kette zu jener des Häm auf demselben Chromatogramm. Das Verhältnis dieser beiden Flächen nahm mit zunehmendem Alter der Blutspur graduell ab, — dies bis zu einem Spurenalter von 20 Wochen. Studien, welche zu jenem Zeitpunkt durchgeführt wurden, deckten keine signifikanten Unterschiede in diesen Peak-Verhältnissen von Nabelvenen- und Neugeborenen-Blutspuren und auch nicht in den Verhältnissen von Nabelvenen und Erwachsenen-Spuren auf. Die Regressions-Gleichung, welche von den Verhältnissen (y) und dem Alter der Spuren in Wochen (x) errechnet und logarithmisch ausgedrückt wird, lautet:y = 2.5758 − 0.2497 ln(x) und der Korrelations-Koeffizient beträgt −0.7491 (n = 252,P < 0.001). Die vorliegende Methode, welche einfach, schnell und empfindlich ist, sollte für die forensischen Wissenschaften von großem Interesse sein.

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Inoue, H., Takabe, F., Iwasa, M. et al. Identification of fetal hemoglobin and simultaneous estimation of bloodstain age by high-performance liquid chromatography. Int J Leg Med 104, 127–131 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01369715

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01369715

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