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Case-control studies in pediatric epidemiology: Parent surrogates and potential pitfalls of inaccurate and selective recall

  • Social Pediatrics
  • Published:
Sozial- und Präventivmedizin

Summary

The case-control study is quite popular as a study design for exploring associations between risk factors and disease in pediatric epidemiology. Since data concerning exposures to the child are often collected through interviews with parents or other surrogates, researchers should be aware of the opportunities for bias due to inaccurate or incomplete recall. Methods which exist for the control of this problem are presented. These include: the selection of control groups with childhood conditions of similar etiologic uncertainty as the disease being studied; collecting exposure data from both parents; collection of data from children where possible; diligent interviewer training; reviewing clinical records; and use of validity scales. Strengths and weaknesses of these strategies are discussed.

Résumé

L'étude cas-contrôle est fréquemment employée pour explorer de possibles associations entre les facteurs de risque et les maladies en épidémiologie pédiatrique. La plupart des données concernant l'exposition des enfants étant obtenues auprès des parents ou d'autres proches, les chercheurs doivent être conscients des erreurs systématiques potentielles dues aux souvenirs imprécis ou incomplets. Les méthodes permettant de contrôler ces erreurs incluent: la sélection de témoins avec des pathologies dont l'étiologie est aussi incertaine que celle de la maladie étudiée, la collecte de données d'exposition chez les deux parents, la collecte de données auprès des enfants lorsque c'est possible, la formation appropriée des intervieweurs, l'analyse des dossiers cliniques, et l'utilisation de chefs de validation. Les forces et les faiblesses de ces stratégies sont discutées.

Zusammenfassung

In epidemiologischen Studien, die Erkrankungen von Kindern betreffen, werden oft Fall-Kontroll-Studien angewendet, um die Beziehung zwischen Risikofaktoren und Erkrankung zu studieren. Da die Angaben zur Exposition des Kindes in der Regel von den Eltern oder anderen Erwachsenen stammen, muss der Untersucher sich der Gefahr bewusst sein, dass unvollständige oder ungenaue Angaben dieser Stellvertreter das Resultat verfälschen könnten. Es werden Methoden vorgestellt, die es ermöglichen, diese Gefahr zu kontrollieren: als Kontrollpersonen Patienten mit einer Erkrankung wählen, deren Ursache so unklar ist wie jene der untersuchten Krankheit; die Angaben von beiden Elternteilen erheben; das Kind selber befragen, wann immer dies möglich ist; die Interviewer sorgfältig schulen; Krankengeschichten beiziehen; mit der Frage nach Scheinursachen einen Zuverlässigkeits-Index konstruieren. Stärken und Schwächen dieser Strategien werden diskutiert.

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Pastides, H., Goldberg, R.J. Case-control studies in pediatric epidemiology: Parent surrogates and potential pitfalls of inaccurate and selective recall. Soz Präventivmed 37, 22–26 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01369098

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