Skip to main content
Log in

A model relating the maximum nitrate inflow of lettuce (Lactuca satvia L.) to the growth of roots and shoots

  • Research Articles
  • Published:
Plant and Soil Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The net inflow of nitrate can be calculated from the nitrate concentration at the root surface by means of the Michaelis-Menten equation. Because of maximum inflow (Imax) is not constant but varies with plant age and growing conditions, a model for calculating Imax during plant growth was derived. Lettuce was grown in nutrient solution. Variations in temperature, radiation and plant age were used to vary growth rates and N-demand of plants. There was a linear relationship between relative growth rates (RGR) and maximum nitrate inflow (Imax), that could be described by the following regression function: Imax = 0.24 + 6.57 RGR. A residual analysis showed a further influence on Imax from the root:shoot-ratio (RSR), the effects of which could be accounted for by including an e-function in the relationship: Imax = (0.27 + 10.63 RGR) e(−0.0017 RSR). This model for calculating Imax was validated in two further experiments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barber S A 1984 Soil Nutrient Bioavailability — A Mechanistic Approach. Academic Press, New York. 398 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber S A and Cushman J H 1981 Nitrogen uptake model for agronomic crops.In Modeling wastewater renovation-land treatment. Ed. I K Iskandar. pp 382–409. Wiley Interscience, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhat K K S, Brereton A J and Nye P H 1979 The possibility of predicting solute uptake and plant growth response from independently measured soil and plant characteristics. VIII. A comparison of the growth and nitrate uptake of rape grown in similar nitrate concentration in solution or in soil solution. Plant and Soil 53, 193–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bollinger G, Herrmann A and Möntmann V 1983 BMDP-Statistikprogramme für Bio-. Human- und Sozialwissenschaften. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burns I G 1980 Influence of the spatial distribution of nitrate on the uptakte of N by plants: a review and a model for rooting depth. J. Soil Sci. 31, 155–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheeseman J M and Wickens L K 1986a Control of Na+ and K+ transport inSpergularia marinara. II. Effects of plant size, tissue ion contents and root-shoot ratio at moderate salinity. Physiol. Plant. 67, 7–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheeseman J M and Wickens L K 1986b Control of Na+ and K+ transport inSpergularia marinara. III. Relationship between ion uptake and growth at moderate salinity. Physiol. Plant. 67, 15–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Claassen N and Barber S A 1974 A method for characterizing the relation between nutrient concentration and flux into roots of intact plants. Plant Physiol. 54, 564–568.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clement C R, Hopper M J and Jones L H P 1978 The uptake of nitrate byLolium perenne from flowing nutrient solution. 1. Effect of nitrate concentration. J. Exp. Bot. 29 (109), 453–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards J H and Barber S A 1976 Nitrogen uptake characteristics of corn roots at low N concentration as influenced by plant age. Agron. J. 68, 17–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engels C 1993 Differences between maize and wheat in growth-related nutrient demand and uptake of potassium and phosphorus at suboptimal root zone temperatures. Plant and Soil 150, 129–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein E and Hagen C E 1952 A kinetic study of the absorption of alkali cations by barley roots. Plant Physiol. 27, 457–474.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallmark W B and Huffaker R C 1978 The influence of ambient nitrate, temperature, and light on nitrate assimilation in sudangrass seedlings. Physiol. Plant. 44, 147–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heins B and Schenk M K 1986 Nitrate-uptake characteristics of roots as affected by nitrate supply.In Fundamental, ecological and agricultural Aspects of Nitrogen Metabolism in higher Plants. Eds. H. Lambers, J J Neeteson and I Stulen. pp 41–45. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt R 1982 Plant Growth Curves. The Functional Approach to Plant Analysis. Edward Arnold Ltd. London. 248 p.

  • Jackson W A, Flesher D and Hageman R H 1973 Nitrate uptake by dark-grown corn seedlings. Some characteristics of apparent induction. Plant Physiol. 51, 120–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson W A, Volk R J and Tucker T C 1972 Apparent induction of nitrate uptake in nitrate-depleted plants. Agron. J. 64, 518–521.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jungk A and Barber S A 1975 Plant age and the phosphorus uptake characteristics of trimmed and untrimmed corn root systems. Plant and Soil 42, 227–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhlmann H and Barraclough P B 1987 Comparison between the seminal and nodal root systems of winter wheat in their activity for N and K uptake. Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Bodenkd. 150, 24–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee R B 1982 Selectivity and kinetics of ion uptake by barley plants following nutrient deficiency. Ann. Bot. 50, 429–449.

    Google Scholar 

  • Letey J, Jarrell W M and Valorus N 1982 Nitrogen and water uptake patterns and growth of plants at various minimum solution nitrate concentrations. J. Plant Nutr. 5, 73–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macduff J H and Hopper M J 1986 Effects of root temperature on uptake of nitrate and ammonium ions by barly grown in flowing-solution culture. Plant and Soil 91, 303–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Navone R 1964 Proposed method for nitrate in potable water. AWWA 56, 781–783.

    Google Scholar 

  • Novoa R and Loomis R S 1981 Nitrogen and plant production. Plant and Soil 58, 177–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nye P H and Tinker P B 1977 Solute Movement in the Soil-Root System. Studies in Ecology. vol. 4. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. 342 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitman M G and Cram W J 1976 Regulation of ion content in whole plants. Symp. Soc. Exp. Bot. 31, 391–424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson D 1986 Limits to nutrient inflow rates in roots and root systems. Physiol. Plant. 68, 551–559.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodgers C O and Barneix A J 1988 Cultivar differences in the rate of nitrate uptake by intact wheat plants as related to growth rate. Physiol. Plant. 72, 121–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steingrobe B and Schenk M K 1991 Influence of nitrate concentration at the root surface on yield and nitrate uptake of kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea gongyloides L.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Plant and Soil 135, 205–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steingrobe B and Schenk M K 1993 Simulation of the maximum nitrate inflow (Imax) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown under fluctuating climatic conditions in the greenhouse.In Plant nutrition — from Genetic Engineering to Field Practice. Ed. N J Barrow. pp 177–180. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strebel O and Duynisveld W H M 1989 Nitrogen supply to cereals and sugar beet by mass flow and diffusion on a silty loam soil. Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Bodenkd. 152, 135–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tennant D 1975 A test of a modified line intersect method of estimating root length. J. Ecol. 63, 995–1001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van De Dijk S J, Lanting L, Lambers H, Posthumus F, Stulen I and Hofstra R 1982 Kinetics of nitrate uptake by different species from nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor habitats as affected by the nutrient supply. Physiol. Plant. 55, 103–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warncke D D and Barber S A 1974 Nitrate uptake effectiveness of four plant species. J. Environ. Qual. 3, 28–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wild A and Breeze V G 1981 Nutrient uptake in relation to growth.In Physiological Processes limiting Plant Productivity. Ed. C B Johnson. pp 331–344. Butterworths, London.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Steingrobe, B., Schenk, M.K. A model relating the maximum nitrate inflow of lettuce (Lactuca satvia L.) to the growth of roots and shoots. Plant Soil 162, 249–257 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01347712

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01347712

Key words

Navigation