Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pure liquids described as concentrated cluster dispersions

  • Original Contributions
  • Published:
Rheologica Acta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Fulcher-Tammann-Hesse-Vogel equation, lnη = A + B/(T − T 0 ), is shown to be equivalent to the general viscosity-composition relationship, lnη r =k f ϕ/(1 − f ϕ), for binary mixtures. The Cailletet-Mathias law of the Rectilinear Diameter is rearranged to represent a density mixture formula for two components. Temperature-independent viscosities and densities can then be calculated for dense, solid cluster fractions, dispersed in a low-density, low-viscosity non-clustered continuous phase. The cluster fraction decreases with temperature. The value ofT 0 is shown to be related to the liquid- or solid-like behavior of the clusters. For liquids with a vapor pressure < 1 mm Hg at the melting point, the calculated cluster volume fraction suggests close packing of clusters, ranging in shape from monodisperse spheres to polydisperse non-spherical particles. Examples are given for molecular liquids, molten metals, and molten salts. The size of the clusters is estimated from the heat of evaporation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Brush SG (1962) Chem Rev 62:513

    Google Scholar 

  2. Stephan K, Lucas K (1978) Viscosity of dense fluids. Plenum Press, New York London, p 3

    Google Scholar 

  3. Chandler D (1978) Ann Rev Phys Chem 29:441

    Google Scholar 

  4. Barker JA, Henderson D (1976) Rev Mod Phys 48:587

    Google Scholar 

  5. Luck WAP (1979) Angew Chem 91:408

    Google Scholar 

  6. Mu SJ, Eyring H (1976) Ann Rev Phys Chem 27:46

    Google Scholar 

  7. Stewart GW (1933) Ind J Phys 7:603

    Google Scholar 

  8. Eyring H, Mu SJ (1969) Significant Liquid structures. John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ref. [8], p 82

  10. Cohen ML, Chou MY, Knight WD, de Heer WA (1987) J Phys Chem 91:3141

    Google Scholar 

  11. Schriver KE, Paguia AJ, Hahn MY, Camarena AM, Whetten RL (1987) J Phys Chem 91:3131

    Google Scholar 

  12. Fulcher GS (1925) J Am Cer Soc 339

  13. Tammann G, Hesse W (1926) Z Anorg Chem 36:245

    Google Scholar 

  14. Vogel H (1921) Phys Z 22:645

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hoffmann M, Rother K (1962) Rheol Acta 2:164

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gutmann F, Simmons LM (1952) J Appl Phys 23:977

    Google Scholar 

  17. Barlow AJ, Lamb J, Matheson AJ (1966) J Proc Roy Soc (London) A292:322

    Google Scholar 

  18. Doolittle AK (1951) J Appl Phys 22:1471

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kunnen J (1983) Rheol Acta 23:424

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bondi A (1968) Physical properties of molecular crystals, liquids and glasses. John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York p 236

    Google Scholar 

  21. Morgan SO, Lowry HH (1930) J Phys Chem 34:2417

    Google Scholar 

  22. Luck WAP, Ditter W (1971) Tetrahedron 27:201

    Google Scholar 

  23. Ref. [20] p 145

  24. Laughlin WT, Uhlmann DR (1972) J Phys Chem 76:2317

    Google Scholar 

  25. Schriver KE (1987) J Phys Chem 91:3131

    Google Scholar 

  26. Farris RJ (1968) Trans Soc Rheol 12:281

    Google Scholar 

  27. Kovár J, Fortelný I (1984) Rheol Acta 23:454

    Google Scholar 

  28. Handbook of Physics and Chemistry (1977–78) 58th ed. F63–64

  29. Handbook of Physics and Chemistry (1977–78) 58th ed. F 64

  30. Grosse AV (1961) J Inorg Nucl Chem 22:23

    Google Scholar 

  31. Grosse AV (1966) J Inorg Nucl Chem 28:31

    Google Scholar 

  32. Grosse AV (1962) J Inorg Nucl Chem 24:1287

    Google Scholar 

  33. Marcus Y (1977) Introduction into liquid-state chemistry John Wiley & Sons. London New York Table 3.11

    Google Scholar 

  34. Handbook of Physics and Chemistry (1977–78) 58th ed. D 196–213

  35. Ullmanns Enzykl. techn. Chemie (1977) 4. Aufl. Band 14 Verlag Chemie. Weinheim

  36. Ukshe EA (1965) Russian Chem Rev 34:146

    Google Scholar 

  37. D'Ans-Lax, Taschenbuch für Chemiker und Physiker, Zweiter Band, 3. Aufl (1964) Springer Verlag Berlin

  38. Landolt-Börnstein, 6. Aufl, zweiter Band, 1 Teil (1971):331

  39. Handbook of Physics and Chemistry (1977–78) 58th ed. D 196–212

  40. Riddick JA, Bunger WB (1970) Organic Solvents, 3. ed. Wiley-Interscience, New York

    Google Scholar 

  41. Landolt-Börnstein (1928) Physikalisch Chemische Tabellen Eg III 3:2709–2723

    Google Scholar 

  42. Jasper JJ (1972) J Phys Chem Ref Data 1:841

    Google Scholar 

  43. Kunnen J. In preparation

  44. Kunnen J. In preparation

  45. Kunnen J. In preparation

  46. McLachlan Jr D (1971) Adv Chem Phys 21:501

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sikkens Laboratory, Akzo Coating, Sassenheim, The Netherlands

    J. Kunnen

  2. Mgr. Westerwoudtlaan 13, NL-2211 RW, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands

    J. Kunnen

Authors
  1. J. Kunnen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kunnen, J. Pure liquids described as concentrated cluster dispersions. Rheol Acta 27, 575–579 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01337453

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01337453

Key words

Search

Navigation