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Sickness certification in primary care

Summary

Objectives

Sickness certification is a common task, which is however insufficiently studied. Our objective was to describe, prospectively, prescription practices in sickness certification by primary care physicians.

Methods

We recorded patients receiving a sickness certificate during a six-week study period. The main outcome measures were: duration of sick-leave according to age, profession, diagnosis, nationality, somatic, or psychiatric comorbidity as well as co-factors related to the familial or professional environment.

Results

Out of a total of 6433 consultations, 602 patients received a sickness certification, and in 56% of these, sick-leave duration was ≥6 days. Multivariate analysis showed that presence of co-morbidity and co-factors, greater age and musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, psychiatric disease and injury were independently associated with a longer sickness certification duration.

Conclusions

Sickness certification is a complex task which entails not only consideration of the diagnosis but also of other factors such as co-morbidity, as well as familial and professional environment. Physicians should be aware of these elements and of situations, which might lead to a longer sickleave period.

Zusammenfassung

Methoden

Während sechs Wochen füllte eine Gruppe von Hausärzten prospektiv für alle Patienten, die ein Arbeitsunfähigkeitszeugnis erhielten, Fragebogen aus. Folgende Outcome-Parameter wurden definiert: Dauer der Arbeitsunfähigkeit in Bezug auf Alter, Profession, Diagnose, Herkunft, Vorliegen einer somatischen oder psychiatrischen Co-Morbidität sowie von Co-Faktoren aus dem familiären oder professionellen Umfeld.

Ergebnisse

Während der Beobachtungsperiode wurden 6433 Konsultationen durchgeführt, wobei die Ärzte für 602 Patienten ein Arbeitsunfähigkeitszeugnis ausstellten. In 56% der Fälle betrug die Dauer der Arbeitsunfähigkeit ≥6 Tage. Die multivariate Analyse zeigte eine unabhängige Assoziation zwischen Arbeitsunfähigkeitsdauer und Anwesenheit von Co-Faktoren und Co-Morbiditäten, Alter, dem Vorliegen einer muskuloskeletalen, einer kardiovaskulären oder einer psychiatrischen Diagnose sowie eines Unfalls.

Schlussfolgerungen

Das Ausstellen eines Arbeitsunfähigkeitszeugnisses ist ein komplexer Akt: Neben der Diagnose zieht der Arzt ebenfalls andere Faktoren wie die Co-Morbidität und Co-Faktoren in Betracht. Ärzte sollten diesen Elementen besondere Beachtung schenken, da sie die Dauer der Arbeitsunfähigkeit beeinflussen.

Résumé

Objectifs

La prescription d' arrêt de travail (AT) est un acte fréquent, néanmoins il existe peu d'études consacrées à la prescription d'AT en médecine de premier recours.

Méthodes

Nous avons récolté, prospectivement, des données concernant la durée, l'âge, la profession, le diagnostic, la nationalité, la présence de comorbidités psychiatriques ou somatiques et liées à l'environnement professionnel et familial (co-facteurs) chez les patients recevant un AT.

Résultats

Sur un total de 6433 consultations, 602 patients ont bénéficié d'un AT. Dans 56% des cas la durée était de six jours ou plus. Une analyse multivariée a montré qu'un âge plus élevé, la présence de comorbidités et co-facteurs, d'affections cardiovasculaires, ostéo-articulaires, psychiatriques et les accidents étaient associés de manière indépendante à une durée plus longue d'arrêt de travail.

Conclusions

La prescription d'un AT est une tâche complexe, qui nécessite non seulement la prise en compte du diagnostic, mais également des comorbidités et co-facteurs. Au moment de la prescription, les médecins devraient avoir conscience de ces éléments et des situations risquant de se prolonger.

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Correspondence to Bernard Burnard.

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Dünner, S., Decrey, H., Burnard, B. et al. Sickness certification in primary care. Soz Präventivmed 46, 389–395 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01321665

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01321665

Key-Words

  • Sickness certification
  • Co-morbidity
  • Primary care
  • Switzerland