Article PDF
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Louria, D. B., Blumenfeld, H. L., Ellis, J. T., Kilbourne, E. D., Rogers, D. E.: J. Clin. Invest.38, 213–265 (1959).
Doherty, P. C., Dunlop, M. B. C., Parish, C. R., Zinkernagel, R. M.: Inflammatory process in murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis is maximal in H-2 or H-2D compatible interactions. J. Immun.117, 187–190 (1976).
Welsh, R. M., Zinkernagel, R.: Heterospecific cytotoxic cell activity induced during the first three days of acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in mice. Nature268, 646–664 (1977).
Fazekas de St. Groth, S., Donelly, M.: Studies in experimental immunology of influenza IV. Protective value of active immunization. Anst. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci.28, 61 (1950).
Schulman, J. L.: Effects of Immunity of Transmission of Influenza: Experimental Studies. Prog. Med. Virol.12, 128–160 (1970).
Virelizier, J. L.: Host defenses against influenza virus: The role of anti-haemagglutinin antibody. J. Immunol.115, 434–437 (1975).
Ennis, F. A., Wells, M. A., Barry, D. W., Daniel, S., Manischewitz, J.: Host defence mechanisms against influenza infection II Protection of mice with vacines against A/Port Chalmers/1/73 and B/Hong Kong/5/72. Postgrad. Med. J.52, 338 to 344 (1976).
Potter, C. W., Oxford, J. S., Shore, S. L., McLaren, C., Stuart-Harris, C.: Immunity to influenza in farrets. I. Response to live and killed virus. Brit. J. Exp. Path.53, 153–167 (1972).
Hobson, D., Curry, R. L., Beare, A. S., Ward-Gardner, A.: The role of serum hemagglutination-inhibitory antibody in protection against challenge infection with A 2 and B viruses. J. Hyg.70, 767–777 (1972).
Couch, R. B., Kasel, J. A., Six, H. R., Cate, T. R.: The basis for immunity to influenza in man. In:Nayak, D. P., Fox, C. F. (eds.), Genetic Variation among Influenza Viruses. ICN-UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology XXI, 535–546 (1981).
Murphy, B. R., Phelan, M. A., Nelson, D. L., Yarchan, R., Tuoney, E. L., Alling, D. W., Tierney, E. L.: Hemagglutinin-specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to influenza A and B viruses. J. Clin. Micro.13, 554 to 560 (1981).
Effros, R. B., Doherty, P. C., Gerhard, W. E., Bennink, J.: Generation of both cross-reactive and virus specific cytotoxic T cell population after immunization with serologically distinct influenza A viruses. J. Exp. Med.145, 557–558 (1977).
Zweerink, H. J., Courtneidge, S. A., Skehel, J. J., Crumpton, M. J., Askonas, B. A.: Cytotoxic T cells kill influenza virus infected cells but do not distinguish between serologically distinct influenza A virus. Nature267, 354–356 (1977).
Yap, K. L., Ada, G. L.: Cytotoxic T cells specific for influenza virus intected target cells. Immunology32, 151–159 (1977).
Ennis, F. A., Martin, W. J., Verbonitz, M. W.: Haemagglutinin specific cytotoxic T cell responses during influenza infection. J. Exp. Med.146, 843–898 (1977).
Brachiale, T. J.: Immunologic recognition of influenza infected cells: 1. Generation of virus stain specific and cross-reactive subpopulations of cytotoxic T cells in response to type A influenza virus infection of different subtypes. Cell Immunol.33, 423–426 (1977).
Ennis, F. A., Wells, M. A., Butchko, G. M., Albrecht, P.: Evidence that cytotoxic T cells are part of the host's response to influenza pneumonia. J. Exp. Med.148, 1241–1249 (1978).
Yap, K. L., Ada, G. L.: Cytotoxic T cells in the lungs of mice infected with an Influenza A virus. Scand. J. Immunol.7, 73–80 (1978).
Yap, K. L., Ada, G. L., McKenzie, I. F. C.: Transfer of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes protects mice inoculated with influenza viruses. Nature273, 238–239 (1978).
Wells, M. A., Albrecht, P., Ennis, F. A.: Recovery from a viral respiratory tract infection. I. Influenza pneumonia in normal and T deficient mice. J. Immunol.126, 1036–1041 (1981).
Wells, M. A., Ennis, F. A., Albrecht, P.: Recovery from a viral respiratory tract infection II. Passive transfer of immune spleen cells to mice with influenza pneumonia. J. Immunol.126, 1042–1046 (1981).
Lin, Y.-L., Askonas, B. A.: Biological properties of an influenza virus killer T cell clone. J. Exp. Med.154, 225–234 (1981).
Morris, A. G., Lin, Y.-L., Askonas, B. A.: Immune interferon release when a cloned cytotoxic T cell line meets its correct influenza infected target cell. Nature295, 150–152 (1982).
Webster, R. G., Askonas, B. A.: Cross-protective and cross-reactive cytotoxic T cells induced by influenza virus vaccine in mice. Eur. J. Immunol.10, 396–401 (1980).
Reiss, C. S., Schulman, J. L.: Cellular immune responses of mice to influenza virus vaccines. J. Immunol.125, 2182–2188 (1980).
Ennis, F. A., Martin, W. J., Verbonitz, M. W.: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced in mice by inactivated influenza vaccine. Nature266, 418–419 (1977).
McMichael, A. J., Ting, A., Zweerink, H. J., Askonas, B. A.: HLA restriction of cell mediated lysis of influenza virus infected human cells. Nature270, 524–526 (1977).
Shaw, S., Biddison, W. E.: HLA-linked genetic control of the specificity of human cytotoxic T cell responses to influenza virus. J. Exp. Med.149, 565–575 (1979).
McMichael, A. J.: HLA restriction of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for influenza virus. Poor recognition of virus associated with HLA A2. J. Exp. Med.148, 1458–1467 (1978).
Biddison, W. E., Payne, S. M., Shearer, G. M., Shaw, S.: Human cytotoxic T cell responses to trinatrophenyl happen and influenza viruses. J. Exp. Med.152, 204–217 (1980).
McMichael, A. J., Gotch, F., Cullen, P., Askonas, B. A., Webster, R. G.: The human cytotoxic T cell response to influenza vaccination. Clin. Exp. Immunol.43, 276–284 (1981).
Daisy, J. A., Tolpin, M. D., Quinnan, G. V., Rook, A. H., Murphy, B. R., Mittal, K., Clemenis, M. L., Mullinix, M. G., Kiley, S. C., Ennis, F. A.: Cytotoxic cellular immune responses during Influenza A infection in human volunteers. In:Bishop, D. M. L., Compams, R. W. (eds.), The replication of negative strand virus, 443–448. Elsevier/North-Holland 1981.
Ennis, F. A., Rook, A. H., Yi-Hua, Q., Schild, G. C., Riley, D., Pratt, R., Potter, C. W.: HLA restricted virus specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses responses to live and inactivated influenza viruses. to live and inactivated influenza viruses. Lancet 887–891 (1981).
Ennis, F. A., Yi-Hua, Q., Schild, G. C.: Antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses of humans to live and inactivated influenza vaccines. J. gen. Virol. (1982).
Ennis, F. A., Meager, A., Beane, A. S., Yi-Hua, Q., Riley, D., Schwary, G., Schild, G. C., Rook, A. H.: Interferon induction and increased natural-killer cell activity in influenza infections in man. Lancet 891–893 (1981).
Ennis, F. A., Meager, A.: Immune interferon produced to high levels of antigenic stimulation of human lymphocytes with influenza virus. J. Exp. Med.1981, 1279–1289.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ennis, A. Some newly recognized aspects of resistance against and recovery from influenza. Archives of Virology 73, 207–217 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01318075
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01318075