Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Latency of a thymidine kinase-negative pseudorabies vaccine virus detected by the polymerase chain reaction

  • Brief Report
  • Published:
Archives of Virology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Latent viral DNA was detected by the polymerase chain reaction in trigeminal ganglia of all of 10 pigs that were necropsied 81 or more days after they had been infected intranasally with a thymidine kinase-negative (TK−) vaccine strain of pseudorabies virus (PRV). Failure to reactivate virus from any of the same pigs by earlier treatment with dexamethasone suggested that even though latency can be established with TK− PRV, subsequent reactivation may be a relatively rare event.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Belak S, Ballagi-Pordany A, Flensburg J, Virtanen A (1989) Detection of pseudorabies virus DNA sequences by the polymerase chain reaction. Arch Virol 108: 279–286

    Google Scholar 

  2. Beran GW, Davies EB, Arambulo PV, Will LA, Hill HT, Rock DL (1980) Persistence of pseudorabies virus in infected swine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 176: 998–1000

    Google Scholar 

  3. Coen DM, Kosz-Magdalena M, Jacobson JG, Leib DA, Bogard CL, Schaffer PA, Tyler KL, Knipe DM (1989) Thymidine kinase-negative herpes simplex virus mutants establish latency in mouse trigeminal ganglia but do not reactivate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 4736–4740

    Google Scholar 

  4. Cowen P, Shugen L, Guy JS, Erickson GA, Blanchard D (1990) Reactivation of latent pseudorabies virus infection in vaccinated commercial sows. Am J Vet Res 51: 354–358

    Google Scholar 

  5. Davies EB, Beran GW (1980) Spontaneous shedding of pseudorabies virus from a clinically recovered postparturient sow. J Am Vet Med Assoc 176: 1345–1347

    Google Scholar 

  6. Efstathiou S, Kemp S, Darby G, Minson AC (1989) The role of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase in pathogenesis. J Gen Virol 70: 869–879

    Google Scholar 

  7. Friedrich A, Kleim JP, Schneweis KE (1990) Detection of latent thymidine kinase-deficient herpes simplex virus in trigeminal ganglia of mice using the polymerase chain reaction. Arch Virol 113: 107–113

    Google Scholar 

  8. Henderson LM, Katz JB, Erickson GA, Mayfield JE (1990) In vivo and in vitro genetic recombination between conventional and gene-deleted vaccine strains of pseudorabies virus. Am J Vet Res 51: 1656–1662

    Google Scholar 

  9. Henderson LM, Levings RL, Davis AJ, Sturtz DR (1991) Recombination of pseudorabies virus vaccine strains in swine. Am J Vet Res 52: 820–825

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gielkens ALJ, Moorman RJM, Oirschot JT van, Berns AJM (1989) Vaccine efficacy and innocuity of strain 783 of Aujeszky's disease virus. In: Oirschot JT van (ed) Vaccination and control of Aujeszky's disease. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 27–35

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kit S, Kit M, Pirtle EC (1985) Attenuated properties of thymidine kinase-negative deletion mutant of pseudorabies virus. Am J Vet Res 46: 1359–1367

    Google Scholar 

  12. McGregor S, Easterday BC, Kaplan AS, Ben-Porat T (1985) Vaccination of swine with thymidine kinase-deficient mutants of pseudorabies virus. Am J Vet Res 46: 1494–1497

    Google Scholar 

  13. Mengeling WL (1989) Latent infection and subsequent reactivation of pseudorabies virus in swine exposed to pseudorabies virus while nursing immune dams. Am J Vet Res 50: 1658–1666

    Google Scholar 

  14. Mengeling WL, Pirtle EC (1989) Susceptibility of feral swine to acute and latent infections with pseudorabies virus. In: Proceedings of the feral pig symposium, Orlando, FL 1989. Livestock Conservation Institute, Madison, WI, pp 37–38

    Google Scholar 

  15. Mengeling WL, Pirtle EC (1990) Sequential changes in the humoral immune response of pigs to pseudorabies virus after vaccination, exposure to virulent virus, and reactivation of latent virus. J Vet Diagn Invest 2: 35–43

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mengeling WL (1991) Anamnestic immune response of pigs to pseudorabies virus: latent virus reactivation versus direct oronasal and parenteral exposure to virus. J Vet Diagn Invest 3: 133–136

    Google Scholar 

  17. Mengeling WL (1991) Virus reactivation in pigs latently infected with a thymidine kinase-negative vaccine strain of pseudorabies virus. Arch Virol 120: 57–70

    Google Scholar 

  18. Mock RE, Crandell RA, Mesfin GM (1980) Induced latency in pseudorabies vaccinated pigs. Can J Comp Med 45: 56–59

    Google Scholar 

  19. Narita M, Haritani M, Moriwaki M, Nanba K (1985) Pseudorabies virus in dexamethasone-treated pigs. Vet Pathol 22: 417–419

    Google Scholar 

  20. Oirschot JT van, Gielkins ALJ (1984) Intranasal vaccination of pigs against pseudorabies: absence of vaccinal virus latency and failure to prevent latency of virulent virus. Am J Vet Res 45: 2099–2103

    Google Scholar 

  21. Paul PS, Mengeling WL, Pirtle EC (1982) Differentiation of pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) virus strains by restriction endonuclease analysis. Arch Virol 73: 193–198

    Google Scholar 

  22. Roizman B, Sears AE (1990) Herpes simplex viruses and their replication. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM (eds) Fields virology, vol 2. Raven Press, New York, pp 1795–1841

    Google Scholar 

  23. Robbins AK, Dorney DJ, Wathen MW, Whealy ME, Gold C, Watson RJ, Holland LE, Weed SD, Levine M, Glorioso JC, Enquist LW (1987) The pseudorabies virus g II gene is closely related to the gB glycoprotein gene of herpes simplex virus. J Virol 61: 2691–2701

    Google Scholar 

  24. Rziha HJ, Mettenleiter TC, Ohlinger V, Wittman G (1986) Herpesvirus (pseudorabies virus) latency in swine: occurrence and physical state of viral DNA in neural tissues. Virology 155: 600–613

    Google Scholar 

  25. Saiki RK, Gelfand DH, Stoffel S, Scharf SJ, Higuchi R, Horn GT, Mullis KB, Erlich HA (1988) Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 239: 487–491

    Google Scholar 

  26. Schoenbaum MA, Beran GW, Murphy DP (1990) Pseudorabies virus latency and reactivation in vaccinated swine. Am J Vet Res 51: 334–338

    Google Scholar 

  27. Tenser RB (1991) Role of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase expression in viral pathogenesis and latency. Intervirology 32: 76–92

    Google Scholar 

  28. Tenser RB, Hay KA, Edris WA (1989) Latency-associated transcript but not reactivatable virus is present in sensory ganglion neurons after inoculation of thymidine kinase-negative mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Virol 63: 2861–2865

    Google Scholar 

  29. Thawley DG, Solorzano RF, Johnson ME (1984) Confirmation of pseudorabies virus infection using virus recrudescence by dexamethasone treatment and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation. Am J Vet Res 45: 981–983

    Google Scholar 

  30. Wittman G, Ohlinger V, Rziha HJ (1983) Occurrence and reactivation of latent Aujeszky's disease virus following challenge in previously vaccinated pigs. Arch Virol 75: 29–41

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Virology Swine Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa

    D. M. Volz, K. M. Lager & W. L. Mengeling

Authors
  1. D. M. Volz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. M. Lager
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. W. L. Mengeling
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Volz, D.M., Lager, K.M. & Mengeling, W.L. Latency of a thymidine kinase-negative pseudorabies vaccine virus detected by the polymerase chain reaction. Archives of Virology 122, 341–348 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01317195

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01317195

Keywords

Search

Navigation