Abstract
YBa2Cu3O x sputter deposited cold on Al2O3 and on MgO grows in O2 annealing epitaxially to a transparent, superconducting film withT c=80 K. The unscraped surfaces of these films are smooth showing XPS lines changing with photoelectron take-off angle. This enhanced data base allows to separate the different chemical shifts and to obtain their spatial distribution. This yields the identification of the chemical compounds (hydroxide, peroxide, carbonate, carboxyle, cuprate, graphite ...), their amount and their distribution making up the cinder and the cuprate. The cinder grows with O2-anneal at internal and external surfaces. Because of the large unit cell and of the anisotropy of the cuprate the chemical composition of the surface depends on orientation and changes over distances of the order of 1 nm.
The cinder stoichiometry gives insights in the chemistry going on in O2 annealing. Below the cinder the signature ofĉ-axis textured YBa2Cu3O x surfaces are identified, showing that a Ba-oxide layer forms the stable surface. This Ba-oxide-surface coats Cu-oxide and Y-oxide layers yielding so an intrinsically insulating surface layer of about 1 nm thickness. In superconducting cuprates a metallic Ba-level shift occurs as compared to the Ba in oxides or cuprate surfaces or insulating cuprates, whereas Y does not show such a metallic chemical shift in the transition to superconducting cuprates. This asks new questions about charge transfer and superconducting interaction in the grains and the coupling between them.
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Halbritter, J., Walk, P., Mathes, H.J. et al. ARXPS-studies ofĉ-axis textured — superconducting YBa2Cu3O x -films. Z. Physik B - Condensed Matter 73, 277–291 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01314264
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01314264