Summary
Influenza A viruses with noncleaved hemagglutinin (HA) are not internalized after adsorption, since they can be removed and/or inactivated by washing the infected cells at pH 2.5, in contrast to virus with cleaved HA. If uptake of influenza viruses into endosomes is a presupposition for fusion between viral and cellular membranes, this uptake does not occur with virus possessing noncleaved HA.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Appleyard, G., Maber, H. B.: Plaque formation by influenza viruses in the presence of trypsin. J. gen. Virol.25, 351–357 (1974).
Bosch, F. X., Orlich, M., Klenk, H.-D., Rott, R.: The structure of the hemagglutinin, a determinant for the pathogenicity of influenza virus. Virology95, 197–207 (1979).
Hosaka, Y., Seriburi, O., Moran, M. G., Yasuda, Y., Fukai, K., Nerome, K.: Haemolysis and fusion by influenza viruses with heat inactivated neuraminidase activity. Biken Journal25, 51–62 (1982).
Huang, R. T. C., Rott, R., Wahn, K., Klenk, H.-D., Kohama, T.: The function of the neuraminidase in membrane fusion induced by myxoviruses. Virology107, 313–319 (1980).
Huang, R. T., Rott, R., Klenk, H.-D.: Influenza virus causes haemolysis and fusion of cells. Virology110, 243–247 (1981).
Klenk, H.-D., Rott, R., Orlich, M., Blödorn, J.: Activation of influenza viruses by trypsin treatment. Virology68, 426–439 (1975).
Koennecke, I., Boschek, C. B., Scholtissek, C.: Isolation and properties of a temperature-sensitive mutant (ts 412) of an influenza virus recombinant with ats lesion in the gene coding for the nonstructural protein. Virology110, 16–25 (1981).
Lazarowitz, S. G., Choppin, P. W.: Enhancement of the infectivity of influenza A and B viruses by proteolytic cleavage of the hemagglutinin polypeptide. Virology68, 440–454 (1975).
Lenard, J., Baily, C. A., Miller, D. K.: pH dependence of influenza A virus-induced haemolysis is determined by the haemagglutinin gene. J. gen. Virol.62, 353–355 (1982).
Maeda, T., Ohnishi, S.-I.: Activation of influenza virus by acidic media causes hemolysis and fusion of erythrocytes. FEBS Lett.122, 283–287 (1980).
Maeda, T., Kawasaki, K., Ohnishi, S.-I.: Interaction of influenza virus hemagglutinin with target membrane lipids is a key step in virus-induced hemolysis and fusion at pH=5.2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.78, 4133–4137 (1981).
Matlin, K. S., Reggio, H., Helenius, A., Simons, K.: Infection entry pathway of influenza virus in a canine kidney cell line. J. Cell. Biol.91, 601–603 (1981).
Sato, S. B., Kawasaki, K., Ohnishi, S.-I.: Hemolytic activity in influenza virus hemagglutinin glycoproteins activated in mildly acidic environments. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.80, 3153–3157 (1983).
Scholtissek, C.: Stability of infectious influenza A viruses to treatment at low pH and heating. Arch. Virol.85, 1–11 (1985).
Skehel, J. J., Bayley, P. M., Brown, E. B., Martin, S. R., Waterfield, M. D., White, J. M., Wilson, I. O., Wiley, D. C.: Changes in the conformation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin at the pH optimum of virus mediated fusion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.79, 968–972 (1982).
White, J., Matlin, K. S., Helenius, A.: Cell fusion by SFV, influenza and VS viruses. J. Cell Biol.89, 674–679 (1981).
White, J., Helenius, A., Gething, M. J.: Haemagglutinin of influenza virus expressed from a cloned gene promotes membrane fusion. Nature300, 658–659 (1982).
Yoshima, A., Kuroda, K., Kawasaki, K., Yamashima, S., Maeda, T., Ohnishi, S.-I.: Infectious cell entry mechanism of influenza virus. J. Virol.43, 284–293 (1982).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Scholtissek, C. Influenza A viruses with noncleaved hemagglutinin are not internalized after adsorption. Archives of Virology 90, 159–163 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01314154
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01314154