Summary
The structure and properties of infectious and formaldehyde-treated particles of tick-borne encephalitis virus, concentrated and purified by chromatography on macroporous glass, were studied.
In addition to complete virions, such preparations contain some incomplete forms that differ in density, morphology and protein composition (incomplete forms do not contain nucleocapsid protein).
The physico-chemical analysis of complete virions showed that formaldehyde treatment causes a) the formation of glycoprotein dimers and b) a portion of nucleocapsid protein to become tightly cross-linked with viral RNA.
Formaldehyde treatment of incomplete forms resulted only in the formation of a small amount of glycoprotein dimers.
Incomplete forms and glycoprotein extracted from inactivated preparations had protective and antigenic activity.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bresler, S. E., Kolikov, V. M., Krasilnikov, I. V., Mamonenko, L. L., Molodkin, V. M., Mchedlishvili, B. V., Pogodina, V. V., Elbert, L. B.: Purification and concentration of tick-borne encephalitis virus by adsorption chromatography. Docl. Akad. Nauk SSSR234, 940–941 (1977) (in Russian).
Chumakov, M. P., Lvov, D. K., Sarmanova, E. S., Goldfarb, L. G., Naidich, G. N., Chumac, N. F., Vilner, L. M., Zasuchina, G. D., Izotov, V. K., Zaklinskaya, V. A., Umansky, K. G.: A comparative study of epidemiological efficacy of vaccination with tissue culture and brain vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis. Vopr. virusol.3, 307–315 (1963) (in Russian).
Elbert, L. B., Krasilnikov, I. V., Mchedlishvili, B. V., Borisov, V. M.: Chromatography of formalin-inactivated tick-borne encephalitis virus on macroporous glass. Vopr. virusol.1, 72–75 (1981) (in Russian).
Elbert, L. B., Pervikov, Yu. V., Krutyanskaya, G. L., Krasilnikov, I. V., Grachev, V. P., Khanina, M. K., Rubin, S. G.: Immunological characteristics of the vaccination of humans against tick-borne encephalitis with inactivated preparations differing in the concentration of the viral antigen. J. microbiol. epidemiol. immunol.6, 89–92 (1981) (in Russian).
Feldman, M. Ya.: Reactions of nucleic acids and nucleoproteins with formaldehyde. Progr. Nucleic acids res.13, 1–49 (1973).
Fraenkel-Conrat, H.: Chemical modification of viruses. In:Frankel-Conrat, H., Wagner, R. (eds.), Comprehensive Virology, Vol. 17, 245–283. New York 1981.
Hammon, W., Sather, G.: Arboviruses. In:Lennette, H., Schmidt, N. (eds.), Diagnostic procedures for viral and rickettsial infections. 185–288. New York: 1969.
Heinz, F., Kunz, Ch.: Characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus and immunogenicity of its surface components in mice. Acta virol.21, 308–316 (1977).
Heinz, F., Tuma, W., Kunz, Ch.: Antigenic and immunogenic properties of defined physical forms of tick-borne encephalitis virus structural proteins. Infect. Immun.33, 250–257 (1981).
Heinz, F., Kunz, Ch.: Potential and pitfalls in the use of immunoassays for the quantification of live and inactivated virus using tick-borne encephalitis virus as a model. J. Biol. Stand.10, 25–34 (1982).
Korant, B., Lonberg-Holm, K.: Zonal electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing of proteins and virus particles at density gradient of small volume. Anal. Biochem.63, 384–394 (1974).
Krasilnikov, I. V., Elbert, L. B., Mamonenko, L. L., Pogodina, V. V., Krutyanskaya, G. L., Bresler, S. E., Kolikov, V. M., Mchedlishvili, B. V., Borisova, B. N., Golovina, N. S., Nachapetyan, L. A.: Gel-filtration chromatography of tick-borne encephalitis virus on macroporous glass. Vopr. virusol.6, 685–689 (1977) (in Russian).
Kunz, Ch., Heinz, F., Hofman, H.: Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a highly purified vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis. J. med. Virol.6, 103–109 (1980).
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., Randall, P. J.: Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem.193, 265–275 (1951).
Mazhul, L., Dobrov, E., Tikhonenko, T.: Formaldehyde-induced tight binding of protein to RNA in particles of rod-like virus. Biochem.43, 138–146 (1978) (in Russian).
Mudd, J., Swanson, R.: In sity cross-linking of vesicular stomatitis virus proteins with reversible agents. Virology88, 263–280 (1978).
O'Farrell, P.: High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins. J. Biol. Chem.250, 4007–4021 (1975).
Sharp, D. G.: Quantitative use of the electron microscope in virus research. Methods and recent results of particle counting. Lab. Invest.14, 83–125 (1965).
Slavik, J., Mrena, E., Mayer, V.: Studies on tick-borne encephalitis virus. II. Virus morphology and some data on virus structure. Acta Virol.14, 8–16 (1970).
Trent, D.: Antigenic characterization of flavivirus structural proteins separated by isoelectricfocusing. J. Virol.22, 608–618 (1977).
Weckström, P., Nyholm, M.: Electron microscopy of a tick-borne encephalitis virus. Nature (Lond.)1965, 205–212.
Westaway, E. G. et al.: Intervirology14, 114–117 (1980).
Wouters, M., Miller, A., Fenwick, M.: Distortion of poliovirus particles by fixation with formaldehyde. J. gen. Virol.18, 211–214 (1973).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
With 4 Figures
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Krasilnikov, I.V., Elbert, L.B., Khanina, M.K. et al. Comparative study of infectious and formaldehyde-inactivated tick-borne encephalitis virus particles. Archives of Virology 79, 241–253 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01310814
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01310814