Summary
Approximately 15% of the viral genomes in the serum of a hepatitis B carrier were found to exhibit an 8 base-pair deletion within the enhancer II element, which would truncate the X protein by 26 amino acids at the carboxy-terminus.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Balsano C, Avantaggiati ML, Natoli G, De Marzio E, Will H, Perricaudet M, Levrero M (1991) Full-length and truncated versions of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (pX) transactive the cMYC protooncogene at the transcriptional level. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 176: 985–992
Bichko V, Dreilina D, Pushko P, Pumpen P, Gren E (1985) Subtype ayw variant of hepatitis B virus. FEBS Lett 185: 208–212
Colgrove R, Simon G, Ganem D (1991) Transcriptional activation of homologous and heterologous genes by the HBV X gene product in cells permissive for viral replication. J Virol 63: 4019–4026
Dejean A, Sonigo S, Wain-Hobson S, Tiollais P (1984) Specific hepatitis B virus integration in hepatocellular carcinoma DNA through a viral 11-base-pair direct repeat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 5350–5354
Diagen GmbH (1991) The Quiagenologist, 3rd edn. Düsseldorf, Federal Republic of Germany
Goodarzi G, Ohno H, Adams R, Darabi A, Tewari A, Watabe M, Watabe K (1990) Mutational analysis of enhancer domains responsive to trans-activation by the X gene of human hepatitis B virus. Arch Virol 114: 237–242
Guo W, Wang J, Tam G, Benedict Yen TS, Ou J (1991) Leaky transcription termination produces larger and smaller than genome size hepatitis B virus X gene transcripts. Virology 181: 630–636
Hilger C, Velhagen I, Zentgraf H, Schröder CH (1991) Diversity of hepatitis B virus X gene-related transcripts in hepatocellular carcinoma: a novel polyadenylation site on viral DNA. J Virol 65: 4284–4291
Höhne M, Schaefer S, Seifer M, Feitelson MA, Paul D, Gerlich WH (1990) Malignant transformation of immortalized transgenic hepatocytes after transfection with hepatitis B virus DNA. EMBO J 9: 1137–1145
Kim C-M, Koike K, Saito I, Miyamura T, Jay G (1991)HBx gene of hepatitis B virus induces liver cancer in transgenic mice. Nature 351: 317–320
López-Cabrera M, Letovsky J, Hu- K-Q, Siddiqui A (1991) Transcriptional factor C/EBP binds to and transactivates the enhancer element II of the hepatitis B virus. Virology 183: 825–829
Maguire HF, Hoeffler JP, Siddiqui A (1991) HBV X protein alters the DNA binding specificity of CREB and ATF-2 by protein-protein interactions. Science 252: 842–844
Messing J (1983) New M13 vectors for cloning. Methods Enzymol 101: 20–78
Repp R, Mance A, Keller C, Rhiel S, Gerlich WH, Lampert F (1992) Detection of transcriptionally active hepatitis B virus DNA in peripheral mononuclear blood cells after infection during immunosuppressive chemotherapy using the polymerase chain reaction. Arch Virol [Suppl] 4 (in press)
Rogler CE (1991) Cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis associated with hepadnavirus infection. In: Mason WS, Seeger C (eds) Current topics in microbiology and immunology, vol 168. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 103–140
Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR (1977) DNA sequencing with chain terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 5463–5467
Seifer M, Höhne M, Schaefer S, Gerlich WH (1991) Malignant transformation of immortalized cells by hepatitis B virus DNA. In: Hollinger FB, Lemon SM, Margolis HS (eds) Viral hepatitis and liver disease. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 586–588
Seto E, Mitchell PJ, Yen TSB (1990) Transactivation by the hepatitis B virus X protein depends on AP-2 and other transcription factors. Nature 344: 72–74
Seto E, Zhou D-X, Peterlin BM, Yen TSB (1989)trans-Activation by the hepatitis B virus X protein shows cell-type specificity. Virology 173: 764–766
Shaul Y, Ziemer M, Garcia PD, Crawford R, Hsu H, Valenzuela P, Rutter WJ (1984) Cloning and analysis of integrated hepatitis virus sequences from a human hepatoma cell line. J Virol 51: 776–787
Spandau EF, Lee CH (1988) Transactivation of viral enhancers by the HBV X-protein. J Virol 62: 427–434
Takada S, Koike K (1990) Trans-activation function of a 3′ truncated X gene-cell fusion product from integrated hepatitis B virus DNA in chronic hepatitis tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 5628–5632
Tiollais P, Pourcel C, Dejean A (1985) The hepatitis B virus. Nature 317: 489–495
Twu JS, Robinson WS (1989) Hepatitis B virus X gene can trans-activate heterologous viral sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 2046–2050
Twu JS, Rosen CA, Haseltine WA, Robinson WS (1989) Identification of a region within the HIV LTR is essential for transactivation by HBV gene X. J Virol 63: 2857–2860
Wang Y, Chen P, Wu X, Sun A-L, Wang H, Zhu Y-A, Li Z-P (1990) A new enhancer element, ENII, identified in the X gene of hepatitis B virus. J Virol 64: 3977–3981
Wollersheim M, Debelka U, Hofschneider PH (1987) A transactivating function encoded in the hepatitis B virus X gene is conserved in the integrated state. Oncogene 3: 545–554
Yaginuma K, Shirakata Y, Kobayashi M, Koike K (1987) Hepatitis B virus (HBV) particles are produced in a cell culture system by transient expression of transfected HBV DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 2678–2682
Yuh C-H, Ting L-P (1990) The genome of hepatitis B virus contains a second enhancer: cooperation of two elements within this enhancer is required for its function. J Virol 64: 4281–4287
Yuh C-H, Ting L-P (1991) C/EBP-like proteins binding to the functional box-α and box-β of the second enhancer of hepatitis B virus. Mol Cell Biol 11: 5044–5052
Zhou D-X, Yen TSB (1990) Differential regulation of the hepatitis B virus surface gene promoters by a second viral enhancer. J Biol Chem 265: 20731–20734
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Repp, R., Keller, C., Borkhardt, A. et al. Detection of a hepatitis B virus variant with a truncated X gene and enhancer II. Archives of Virology 125, 299–304 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01309646
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01309646