Abstract
The phase structure of a class of quantum spin-1 chains with axial symmetry is analyzed in the light of a pseudospin approach developed recently for the study of planar ferromagnets. The prominent feature of the resulting picture is that a transition to a Goldstone-like phase occurs at some critical coupling, in spite of the one-dimensional nature of the system which would prevent spontaneous breaking of the axial symmetry in the ordinary sense.
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Papanicolaou, N. On the phase structure of spin-1 planar magnetic chains. Z. Physik B - Condensed Matter 61, 159–166 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01307771
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01307771