Conclusions
It was found that the sintering of pure zirconium dioxide is inferior to that of the commercial brand. Even with additions of 10% MgO and at a firing temperature of 1700 C stabilization is incomplete.
Silica additions to specimens composed of 90 mol % ZrO2 + 10 mol% MgO and 90 mol% ZrO2 + 10 mol% CaO impede the formation of solid solution.
In the presence of three to four percent SiO2 almost the entire quantity of magnesium oxide is bound to silica, zirconium dioxide fails to stabilize and cracking sets in.
Inasmuch as the formation of the solid solution occurs at lower temperatures in zirconium-calcium specimens, calcium oxide is bound to zirconium dioxide before cracking develop.
Silica additions are unsuitable in the production of highly resistant refractories prepared from stabilized zirconium dioxide and its contents should be limited by technical specifications. Silica content in commercial zirconium dioxide should not exceed 1% or 0.5% for the production of heavy-duty parts.
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Keler, E.K., Andreyeva, A.B. Effects of silica additives on sintering and stabilization characteristics of zirconium dioxide. Refractories 2, 221–226 (1961). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01301134
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01301134