Conclusions
On the basis of a study of the magnesia-spinellide roof of a melting furnace it was established that the refractory consists of four zones, the least changed, the working, the zone of contact with the lining slag, and in the lining slag. A nonuniform distribution of the components in specimens of lining slag taken from different portions of the roof was observed.
The lining slag and the zone of contact with the lining slag consist of crystals of picrochromite, ferrite, and magnesioferrite, between which there is located a silicate binder including forsterite, hedenbergite, and the impurity phases bunsenite, hematite, and magnetite. The working zone consists of chromite, picrochromite, monticellite, and the introduced melting products copper, chalcosite, and cuprite.
On the basis of analysis of the data on failure of refractories as the result of chemical interaction with the melting products, penetration of the low-melting components, and thermomechanical cracking at the boundaries of the zones it was established that one of the methods of protection of the roof is cooling.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature cited
S. M. Kozhakhmetov, V. K. Yakushev, and I. V. Basina, Komp. Ispol. Min. Syr'ya, No. 3, 46–48 (1984).
V. V. Slovikovskii, G. V. B. Birkle, V. I. Eroshkina, et al., Ogneupory, No. 1, 56–60 (1986).
V. A. Perepelitsyn, A. S. Freidenberg, and I. V. Sorokin, Ogneupory, No. 2, 39–42 (1976).
I. B. Frolov, V. M. Minkin, V. A. Frolov, and V. I. Yukhimenko, Ogneupory, No. 7, 42–45 (1976).
L. E. Azarenkova, B. N. Starshinov, N. V. Pitak, and Z. D. Zhukova, New Forms of Refractories and the Effectiveness of Their Use [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1984), pp. 24–36.
Yu. A. Zhuravlev, Radiation Heat Exchange in Fuel-Burning Production Equipment [in Russian], Izd. Krasnoyarsk. Univ., Krasnoyarsk (1983).
M. A. Lur'e, Refractories in Nonferrous Metallurgy [in Russian], Metallurgizdat, Moscow (1956).
S. M. Zubakov, Mineral Formation in Chrome-Magnesite Refractories [in Russian], Izd. Akad. Nauk KazSSR, Alma-Ata (1960).
V. A. Perepelitsyn, I. D. Kashcheev, and P. S. Mamykin, in: The Interaction of Refractories with Metals and Slags: A Branch Subject Collection of Scientific Works [in Russian], No. 14 (1973), pp. 85–100.
P. S. Mamykin and I. D. Kashcheev, in: The Interaction of Refractories with Metals and Slags: A Branch Subject Collection of Scientific Works [in Russian], No. 17, Leningrad (1977), pp. 18–22.
N. Masato, I. Masakazu, and F. Shigeru, Refractories,37, No. 332, 515–522 (1985).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Translated from Ogneupory, No. 2, pp. 51–55, February, 1989.