Conclusions
The life of linings in large ladles depends on the grade of steel, the amount, chemical composition and consistency of the slag.
The intermediate ladle made in the factory ensures reliable operation during the casting of metal by the continuous steel casting operation.
Heating the intermediate ladle to 1100–1200°C by means of compact burners, working on coke gas, and new designs for cooled stoppers and stopper devices greatly reduces slab loss.
In the process of evaluating the casting of transformer steel the loss due to nonmetallic inclusions was greatly reduced, but not completely eliminated.
Further work must be done to explain the causes of the formation of slag inclusions and methods of handling the problem.
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Rutes, V.S., Zubarev, A.I. Steelcasting and intermediate ladles for equipment for the continuous casting of steel. Refractories 4, 80–85 (1963). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01283238
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01283238