Conclusions
The use in large ladles of stoppers with diameters of 205 mm, with a porosity of 17–20%, and stopper tubes with a porosity of 20–24% ensures normal operation of the stopper during the whole of the casting cycle.
The dimensions of the socket brick GK-8 for the bigger stopper do not have to be altered.
According to the experience of ChMZ and NTMK (Nizhne-Tagil'sk Metallurgical Combine) the temperature of initial deformation of stoppers without injury to their resistance can be reduced to 1320°C.
The desirability of determining this property for stoppers should be established by the refractory institutes.
Existing GOST 5500-50 was not fixed for the widely introduced semidry pressing of stopper equipment and changes in the technology of steel-casting.
It is necessary to accelerate the incorporation of resolutions made at the All-Union Conference of Refractory workers in 1960 on re-examination of GOST 5500-50.
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Lande, P.A., Karpova, N.D. Increasing the resistance of stoppers in large steel-casting ladles. Refractories 4, 55–58 (1963). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01283233
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01283233