Summary
Different movements ofRhizopoda are comparatively described. It is supposed, that rotating fibrils in the pseudopodia lead to the following phenomenons: The circular undulations of small amoebae (Figs. 1 and 2), the waves of elongated pseudopods directed to the cell, the waves of helical pseudopods (Figs. 3–8), the emergence of vibrating filopodia, the branching and the shearing forces of filopodia. Some other processes, as the feedback-mechanism during the generation of pseudopods (see Fig. 18), the increased number of villi at the rear after the removing of a pressure from the cell (Figs. 21 and 22, compare the model-experiment in Fig. 35) and the emergence of branched fibrils during the influence of 1.0 mol glucose (Figs. 24–33)—together with the electron microscopic evidence of several authors—suggest a large fibrous complex closed upon itself in the peripheral protoplasm of the amoeba. The periodical emergence of the pseudopods, their following softening and collapse (especially of filopodia and axopodia, see Figs. 14–17) are explained by torsional forces in this fibrous complex, which change their directions (growing out by winding around itself—winding off—folding—unfolding—growing out ... compare the very hypothetical schemes of Fig. 36). The rotations of fibrils described above appear as one stage in this process.
Zusammenfassung
Bewegungsphänomene an verschiedenen Rhizopoden werden vergleichend beschrieben. Die kreisenden Undulationen kleiner Amöben (Abb. 1 und 2), der zur Zelle gerichtete Wellenablauf an ausgestreckten Pseudopodien, die Wellen der Schrauben-Pseudopodien (Abb. 3–8), das Herauswachsen unter Vibration, die Verzweigung und die Scherkräfte von Filopodien können gemeinsam auf rotierende Fibrillen in den Pseudopodien zurückgeführt werden. Das „Rückkopplungsverhalten“ bei der Entstehung von Pseudopodien (vgl. Abb. 18), die Vermehrung der „Villi“ am Amöbenschwanz nach Spannungsverminderung (Abb. 21 und 22, vgl. dazu den Modellversuch in Abb. 35) und das Heraustreten von verzweigten Fibrillen unter der Einwirkung von 1.0 mol Traubenzucker (Abb. 24–33) sprechen mit den elektronenmikroskopischen Befunden verschiedener Autoren für die Existenz eines großen, in sich geschlossenen Fibrillenkomplexes im peripheren Amöbenplasma. Das periodische Herauswachsen der Pseudopodien, das darauf folgende Weichwerden und Zusammenbrechen (besonders der Filopodien und Axopodien, vgl. Abb. 14–17) werden auf periodisch ihre Richtung ändernde Torsionsspannungen in diesem Fibrillenkomplex zurückgeführt (Auswachsen durch Selbstumwindung — Abwindung — Faltung — Entfaltung — Auswachsen ... vgl. dazu das sehr hypothetische Schema der Abb. 36). Die oben beschriebenen Fibrillenrotationen erscheinen als eine Phase in diesem Geschehen.
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Jarosch, R. Vergleichende Studien zur amöboiden Beweglichkeit. Protoplasma 72, 79–100 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01281013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01281013