Summary
DNA containing structures (cellular, chloroplast and mitochondrial nuclei) were stained with the fluorochrome DAPI. Fluorescence intensity, as a measure of DNA content, was estimated during the mitotic cycle in synchronized populations of the chlorococcal alga,Scenedesmus quadricauda. In cells yielding eight daughter cells, three consecutive steps in chloroplast DNA increase occurred over one mitotic cycle. The first step was performed shortly after releasing the daughter cells, the second and third steps occurred consecutively during the first half of the mitotic cycle. Commitment to chloroplast DNA replication was chronologically separated from commitment to division of chloroplast nuclei, revealing that these two chloroplast reproductive steps were under different control mechanisms. The replication of chloroplast DNA occurred at a different time to that of cell-nuclear DNA. The coordination of chloroplast reproductive processes and those in the nucleocytoplasmic compartment were governed by the mutual trophic and metabolic dependency of these compartments rather than by any direct or feedback control controlled by either of them.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- DAPI:
-
4′6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- ptDNA DNA:
-
in chloroplast nuclei
- nucDNA DNA:
-
in cell nuclei
References
Cepák V, Zachleder V (1988) Regulation of chloroplast and cytoplasmic rRNA accumulation by light energy and its relation to reproductive events during the cell cycle of the algaScenedesmus quadricauda. Plant Sci 57: 205–213
Chiang KS (1975) The nuclear and chloroplast DNA replication mechanisms inChlamydomonas reinhardtii: their regulation, periodicity and interaction. In: Colloque Internationale, CNRS, Paris 1974, pp 147–158
—, Sueoka N (1967) Replication of chloroplast DNA inChlamydomonas reinhardtii during vegetative cell cycle: its mode and regulation. Biochemistry 57: 1506–1513
Coleman AW, Maguire MJ (1982) A microspectrophotometric analysis of nuclear and chloroplast DNA inVolvox. Dev Biol 94: 441–450
Decallonne JR, Weyns CJ (1976) A shortened procedure of the diphenylamine reaction for measurement of deoxyribonucleic acid by using light activation. Anal Biochem 74: 448–456
Donnan L, John PCL (1984) Timer and sizer controls in the cell cycles ofChlamydomonas andChlorella. In: Nurse P, Streiblová E (eds) Microbial cell cycle. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 231–251
Kuroiwa T (1982) Mitochondrial nuclei. Int Rev Cytol 75: 1–59
— (1991) The replication, differentiation, and inheritance of plastids with emphasis on the concept of organelle nuclei. Int Rev Cytol 128: 1–62
—, Suzuki T (1980) An improved method for the demonstration of the in situ chloroplast nuclei in higher plants. Cell Struct Funct 5: 195–197
—, Ogawa K, Kawano S (1981) The chloroplast nucleus: distribution, number, size and shape, and a model for the multiplication of the chloroplast genome during chloroplast development. Plant Cell Physiol 22: 381–396
—, Nagashima H, Fukuda I (1989) Chloroplast division without DNA synthesis during the life cycle of the unicellular algaCyanidium caldarium M-8 as revealed by quantitative fluorescence microscopy. Protoplasma 149: 120–129
—, Lindbeck AGC, Rose RJ, Lawrence ME, Possingham JV (1987) The role of chloroplast membranes in the location of chloroplast DNA during the greening ofPhaseolus vulgaris etioplasts. Protoplasma 139: 92–99
Lukavský J, Tetík K, Vendlová J (1973) Extraction of nucleic acids from the algaScenedesmus quadricauda. Algolog Stud 9: 416–426
Miyamura S, Nagata T, Kuroiwa T (1986) Quantitative fluorescence microscopy on dynamic changes of plastid nucleoids during wheat development. Protoplasma 133: 66–72
Nemoto Y, Kawano S, Kondoh K, Nagata T, Kuroiwa T (1990) Studies on plastid-nuclei (nucleoids) inNicotiana tabacum L. III. Isolation of chloroplast-nuclei from mesophyll protoplasts and identification of chloroplast DNA-binding proteins. Plant Cell Physiol 31: 767–776
— —, Nagata T, Kuroiwa T (1991) Studies on plastid-nuclei (nucleoids) inNicotiana tabacum L. IV. Association of chloroplast- DNA with proteins at several specific sites in isolated chloroplastnuclei. Plant Cell Physiol 32: 131–141
Nishibayashi S, Kuroiwa T (1982) Behavior of leucoplast nucleotids in the epidermal cell of onion (Allium cepa) bulb. Protoplasma 110: 177–184
Rose RJ, Cran DG, Possingham JV (1974) Distribution of DNA in dividing spinach chloroplasts. Nature 251: 641–642
— — — (1975) Changes in DNA synthesis during cell growth and chloroplast replication in greening spinach leaf disks. J Cell Sci 17: 27–41
— — — (1979) The association of chloroplast DNA with photosynthetic membrane vesicles from spinach chloroplasts. J Cell Sci 36: 169–183
Šetlík I, Zachleder V (1984) The multiple fission cell reproductive patterns in algae. In: Nurse P, Streiblová E (eds) The microbial cell cycle. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 253–279
—, Berková E, Doucha J, Kubín S, Vendlová J, Zachleder V (1972) The coupling of synthetic and reproduction processes inScenedesmus quadricauda. Algolog Stud 7: 172–217
Wanka F (1962) Die Bestimmung der Nucleinsäuren inChlorella pyrenoidosa. Planta 58: 594–619
Zachleder V (1986) Optimization of nucleic acids assay in green and blue-green algae: extraction procedures and the light-activated reaction for DNA. Algolog Stud 36: 313–328
—, Cepák V (1987a) Visualization of DNA containing structures by fluorochrome DAPI in those algal cells which are not freely permeable to the dye. Algolog Stud 47: 157–168
— — (1987b) The effect of light on the number of chloroplast nucleoids in daughter cells of the algaScenedesmus quadricauda. Protoplasma 138: 37–44
— — (1987c) Variations in chloroplast nucleoid number during the cell cycle in the algaScenedesmus quadricauda grown under different light conditions. Protoplasma 141: 74–82
—, Šetlík I (1982) Effect of irradiance on the course of RNA synthesis in the cell cycle ofScenedesmus quadricauda. Biol Plant 24: 341–353
— — (1988) Distinct controls of DNA replication and of nuclear division in the cell cycle ofScenedesmus quadricauda. J Cell Sci 91: 531–539
— — (1990) Timing of events in overlapping cell reproductive sequences and their mutual interactions in the algaScenedesmus quadricauda. J Cell Sci 97: 631–638
—, Doucha J, Berková E, Setlík I (1975) The effect of synchronizing dark period on populations ofScenedesmus quadricauda. Biol Plant 17: 416–433
—, Kubínová A, Cepák V (1990) Relationship between chloroplast and cytoplasmic rRNA accumulation during the cell cycle of the green algaScenedesmus quadricauda. Plant Sci 67: 35–41
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zachleder, V., Kawano, S. & Kuroiwa, T. The course of chloroplast DNA replication and its relationship to other reproductive processes in the chloroplast and nucleocytoplasmic compartment during the cell cycle of the algaScenedesmus quadricauda . Protoplasma 188, 245–251 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01280376
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01280376