Summary
Intact cells, protoplasts, primary and secondary walls ofCosmarium species were stained with 13 vital stains and with Calcofluor. The intracellular contents of viable cells and protoplasts were not stained with any of the test dyes although the primary and secondary walls often were stained. Protoplasts disintegrated after short periods in acid stains but did survive for up to 24 hours in several dilute basic dyes. Once the protoplast membrane was damaged, the nuclei and cytoplasm were brightly stained with most dyes, whereas the vacuoles remained unstained. Calcofluor was particularly useful in determining the porous structure and pattern of the primary walls.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Berliner, M. D., 1978: Studies on desmids and their protoplasts. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. (in press).
—,Reca, M. E., 1970: Release of protoplasts in the yeast phase ofHistoplasma capsulatum without added enzyme. Science167, 1255–1257.
—,Ryan, C., 1975: Autofluorescenceversus immunofluorescence ofCandida. Microbios14, 143–149.
—,Wenc, K. A., 1976: Protoplast induction inMicrasterias andCosmarium. Protoplasma89, 389–393.
Clément-Métral, D., 1976: Preparation and some properties of protoplasts from the red algaPorphyridium cruentum. J. Microsc. Biol. Cell.26, 167–172.
de Renzis, F. A., Schechtman, A., 1973: Staining by neutral red and trypan blue in sequence for assaying vital and non-vital cultured cells. Stain Technol.48, 135–136.
Dodge, J. D., 1973: The fine structure of algal cells. New York: Academic Press.
Graham, R. K., Caiger, P., 1969: Fluorescence staining for the determination of cell viability. Appl. Microbiol.17, 489–490.
Heath, R. L., 1977: Penetration of mannitol into the intracellular space ofChlorella sorokiniana. Pl. Physiol.59, 911–914.
Hirn, I., 1953: Vitalfärbungsstudien an Desmidiaceen. Flora (Jena)140, 453–473.
Keller, W. A.,et al., 1973: Determination of the frequency of interspecific protoplast fusion by differential staining. In: Protoplastes et fusion de cellules somatiques végétales. Colloq. Intntl. C.N.R.S. #212. Versailles.
Larkin, P. J., 1976: Purification and viability determinations of plant protoplasts. Planta (Berl.)128, 213–216.
Lillie, R. D. (ed.), 1977: H. J. Conn's Biological Stains. 9th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
Pickett-Heaps, J. D., 1975: The Green Algae. Sunderland, Mass., U.S.A.: Sinauer.
Prescott, G. W., 1968: The Algae. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Ruesink, A., 1973: Surface membrane properties of isolated protoplasts. In: Protoplastes et fusion de cellules somatiques végétales. Collq. Intntl. C.N.R.S. # 212. Versailles.
Stadelmann, E. J., 1962: Permeability. In: Physiology and biochemistry of algae, pp. 493–523 (Lewin, R. A., ed.). New York: Academic Press.
—, 1972: Vital staining of plant cells. In: Methods in cell physiology, Vol. 5, pp. 325–372 (Prescott, D. M., ed.). New York: Academic Press.
Stewart, W. P. D., 1975: Algal physiology and biochemistry. Berkeley: Univ. Cal. Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Berliner, M.D., Wood, N.L. & Damico, J. Vital and Calcofluor staining ofCosmarium and its protoplasts. Protoplasma 96, 39–46 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01279573
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01279573