Abstract
Brain ischemia in gerbils was induced by ligation of both common carotid arteries for 1 min or 10 min. Sham-operated animals served as controls. Intracerebral injection of [3H]inositol into gerbil brain 16 hr before ischemic insult resulted in equilibration of the label between inositol lipids and water-soluble inositol phosphate.
A short ischemic period (1 min) resulted in a statistically significant increase in the radioactivity of inositol triphosphate (IP3) and inositol monophosphate (IP), by about 48% and 79%, respectively, with little change in that of the intermediate inositol biphosphate (IP2), which increased by about 16%. When the ischemic period was prolonged (10 min), an increase in the radioactivity of inositol monophosphate exclusively, by about 84%, was observed. The level of radioactivity in inositol phosphates IP2 and IP3 decreased by about 50%, probably as a consequence of phosphatase activation by the ischemic insult.
The agonist of the cholinergic receptor, carbachol, injected intracerebrally (40 μg per animal) increased accumulation of radioactivity in all inositol phosphates. The level of radioactivity in IP3, IP2, and IP was elevated by about 40, 23, and 147%, respectively.
The muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, atropine, injected intraperitoneally in doses of 100 mg/kg body wt. depressed phosphoinositide metabolism in control animals. The level of radioactivity in water-soluble inositol metabolites in the brain of animals pretreated with atropine was evidently about 32% lower than in untreated animals.
Pretreatment with atropine decreased the radioactivity of all inositol phosphates in the brain of animals subjected to 1-min ischemia and the radioactivity of IP in the case of 10-min brain ischemia. Gammabutyrolactone (GBL) administered intraperitoneally in the anesthetic dose 300 mg/kg body wt. diminished inositol monophosphate accumulation induced by either ischemic condition.
Results from these in vivo studies are evidence that the blockage of cholinergic receptors by atropine depresses the response of phosphoinositides to physiological and particularly pathological stimuli.
The results suggest that stimulation of the cholinergic receptor system is involved in the degradation of polyphosphoinositides during ischemia.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Strosznajder, J., Wikieł, H., and Sun, G. Y. 1985. Effect of ischemia on inositol metabolites in the gerbil brain. J. Neurochem. (Abstr.) 44 (suppl.) S25A.
Strosznajder, J., Wikieł, H., and Sun, G. Y. 1987. Effect of cerebral ischemia on polyphosphoinositide metabolism in gerbil brain subcellular fractions. J. Neurochem. 48:943–948.
Sekar, M. Ch., and Hokin, L. E. 1986. The role of phosphoinositides in signal transduction. J. Membrane Biol. 89:193–210.
Abdel-Latif, A. A. 1986. Calcium-mobilizing receptors polyphosphoinositides and the generation of second messengers. Pharmacol. Rev. 38:227–272.
Nishizuka, Y. 1984. The role of protein kinase C in cell surface signal transduction and tumor promotion. Nature 308:693–697.
Berridge, M. J. 1984. Inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol as second messengers (Review article) Biochem. J. 220:345–360.
Nahorski, S. R., Kendall, D. A., and Batty, I. 1986. Receptor and phosphoinositide metabolism in the central nervous system. Biochem. Pharmacol. 35:2447–2453.
Bell, R. L., Kennerly, D. A., Stanford, N., and Malfus, P. W. 1979. Digliceride lipase A: A pathway for arachidonate release from human platelets. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:3238–3241.
Kennerly, D. A., Sullivan, T. J., and Parker, C. W. 1979. Activation of phospholipid metabolism during mediator release from stimulated rat mast cells. J. Immunol. 122:152–157.
Rittenhouse-Simmons, S. 1979. Production of diglyceride from phosphatidylinositol in activated human platelets. J. Clin. Invest. 63:380–387.
Ehlerrt, F. J., Roeske, W. R., and Yamamura, H. I. 1981. Muscarinic receptor: regulation by guanine nucleotides ions and N-ethylmaleimide. Fed. Proc. 40:153–159.
Ehlert, F. J., Itoga, E., Roeske, W. R., and Yamamura, H. I. 1982. The interaction of 3H nitronolipine with receptors for calcium antagonist in the cerebral cortex and heart of rats. Biochim. Biophys. Res. Commun. 11, 104:937–943.
Caulfield, M. P., Higgins, G. A., and Straughan, D. W. 1983. Central administration of the muscarinic receptor subtypeselective antagonist pirezepine selectively impairs passive avoidance learning in the mouse. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 35:131–132.
Wikieł, H., and Strosznajder, J. 1986. Effect of cholinergic agonist on polyphosphoinositides metabolism in normoxic and ischemic gerbil in vivo. In: Molecular basis of neural function (Tucek, S., Stipek, S., Stastny, F., and Krivanek, J., eds.). Abstracts of the Sixth ESN General Meeting in Prague, p. 337.
Domanska-Janik, K., Lazarewicz, J. W., Noremberg, K., Strosznajder, J., and Zalewska, T., 1985. Effect of brain energy imbalance on phospholipids and neurotransmitter metabolism in synaptosomes. Neurochem. Res. 10:573–589.
Folch, J., Lees, M., and Sloane-Stanley, G. H. 1957. A single method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 226:497–509.
Berridge, M. J., Dawson, R. M. C., Downes, C. P., Heslop, J. P., and Irvine, R. F. 1983. Changes in the levels of inositol phosphates after agonist dependent hydrolysis of membrane phosphoinositides. Biochem. J. 212:473–482.
Nemoto, E. M. 1984. Brain ischemia. In: Handbook of Neurochemistry (Lajtha, A. ed.) pp. 533–588, vol. 9, Plenum Press, New York.
Berridge, M. J. 1981. Phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis: a multifunctional transducing mechanism. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 24:115–140.
Berridge, M. J. 1983. Rapid accumulation of inositol triphosphate reveals that agonist hydrolyse polyphosphoinositides instead of phosphatidylinositol. Biochem. J. 212:849–858.
Michell, R. H., and Kirk, C. J. 1981. Why is phosphatidylinositol degraded in response to stimulation of certain receptors. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 2:86–89.
Martin, T. F. 1983. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone rapidly activates the phosphodiester hydrolysis of polyphosphoinositides in GH3 pituitary cells. Evidence for the role of a polyphosphoinositide specific phospholipase C in hormone action. J. Biol. Chem. 258:14816–14822.
Downes, C. P., and Wusteman, M. M. 1983. Breakdown of polyphosphoinositides and not phosphatidylinositol account for muscarinic agonist—stimulated inositol phospholipid metabolism in rat parotid glands. Biochem. J. 216: 633–640.
Abdel-Latif, A. A., Smith, J. P., and Akhtar, R. A. 1985. Polyphosphoinositides and muscarinic cholinergic and α1 receptor, in the iris muscle. Pages 275–298in Bleasdale, J. E., Eichberg, J., and Hauser, G. (eds.), Inositol and phosphoinositides. Metabolism and Regulation. The Humana Press.
Fisher, S. K. 1986. Inositol lipids and signal transduction at cns muscarinic receptors. In: Subtypes of Muscarinic Receptors II: Proceedings of the Second Intern. Symposium, 22–24 August 1985, Boston Massachusetts. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., suppl. Febr. 61–65.
Baker, L. A., Dowdall, M. H., Essman, W. B., and Whittaker, V. P. 1970. The compartmentation of acetylcholine in cholinergic nerve terminals. Pagesin Heilbronn, E., and Winter, A. (eds.). Drugs and Cholinergic Mechanisms in the CNS. Stockholm, Forsvarets Forskningsanstalt.
Carola, E., and Costa, E. 1986. Potassium ion facilitation of phosphoinositide turnover activation by muscarinic receptor agonists in rat brain. J. Neurochem. 46:1429–1435.
Sethy, V. H., Roth, R. H., Walters, R. J., Marini, J., and Van Woert, M. H. 1976. Effect of anesthetic doses of hydroxybutyrate on the acetylcholine content of rat brain. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 295:9–14.
Sethy, V. H., Roth, R. H., Kuhar, M. J., and Van Woert, M. H. 1973. Choline and acetylcholine: Regional distribution and effect of degradation of cholinergic nerve terminals in the rat hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 12:819–823.
Sethy, V. H., Kuhar, M. J., Roth, R. H. Van Woert, M. H., and Aghajanian, G. K. 1973. Cholinergic neurons: effect of acute septal lesion on acetylcholine and choline content of rat hippocampus. Brain Res. 55:481–484.
Potempska, A., Gradkowska, M., and Oderfeld-Nowak, B. 1975. Early changes in acetylcholine pools in the hippocampus of rat brain after septal lesions. J. Neurochem. 24:787–789.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wikieł, H., Halat, G. & Strosznajder, J. Effect of atropine and gammahydroxybutyrate on inschemically induced changes in the level of radioactivity in [3H]inositol phosphates in gerbil brain in vivo. Neurochem Res 13, 443–448 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01268879
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01268879