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Konzept zur Lungen- und Herz-Lungen-Präservation im Rahmen der Multiorganentnahme

Concept for lung and heart-lung preservation in multi-organ-procurement

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Summary

Preservation of the lung is still one of the most challenging problems, because due to limited procurement time not all organs available can be used. The most common procurement technique is flush perfusion of the pulmonary artery system. Alternative methods in clinical use are either the autologous working heart-lung preparation or donor core-cooling (DCC). The own concept presented here, modified to the special demands of multiorgan-procurement, combines DCC and interstitial equilibration adapted to intracellular ion concentration. DCC is induced by extracorporeal circulation (ECC) using a transportable heart lung machine including a highly effective cooling system: cooling circuit based on two parallel heat exchangers with ice-water cooling produced by an high-pressure overflow of an low-temperatured ice block (−40°C). While cooling by ECC stepwise hemodilution is achieved by priming volume and incorporation of the cardioplegic solution (Bretschneider-HTK). The aim of equilibration is to lower the extracellular levels of sodium and calcium, and to increase the level of potassium. Additionally, the buffer capacity of donor blood is increased by the incorporated histidine-buffer system (α-stat). To avoid donor organ edema the time of ECC should be as short as possible. Using our system donor organ temperatures below 10°C are reached within less than 30 min. In addition to ECC, lung surface cooling is achieved by external overflow with cold arterial blood (internal mammary artery). Besides lung preservation the main advantage of this concept is the profound precooling of all visceral organs before their individual flush perfusion.

Zusammenfassung

Die Lungenpraservation ist ein noch weitgehend ungelöstes Problem, das die Ischämie-/Transportzeit und somit die Ausschöpfung von Spenderresourcen limitiert. Das derzeit am häufigsten angewendete Verfahren beruht auf Flush-Perfusion des pulmonalen Funktionskreislaufes. Weitere Verfahren sind autolog arbeitende Herz-Lungenpräparation oder tiefe Spenderganzkörperhypothermie. Die vorgestellte Konzeption verbindet Ganzkörperhypothermie mit Aquilibrierung des Extrazellularraumes mit dem Ziel intrazellulärer Adaptation und ist modifiziert auf die Anforderungen der Multiorganentnahme. Durch Anschluß des Spenders an eine für these Zwecke entwickelte transportable Herz-Lungenmaschine wird das Kühlverfahren eingeleitet und parallel zur Temperaturabsenkung eine Hämodilution durch Inkorporation der protektiven HTK-Lösung nach Bretschneider induziert. Die schrittweise Äquilibrierung zielt auf eine extrazelluläre Senkung des Na+-Gehaltes, Anhebung des K+-Gehaltes and Ca++-Absenkung. Gleichzeitig wird die Kapazität der bluteigenen Puffersysteme durch das inkorporierte Histidin-Puffersystem verstärkt. Zur Vermeidung von Ödembildung wird eine möglichst kurze Phase der extrakorporalen Zirkulation angestrebt; die tiefe Hypothermie his unter 10°C Organtemperatur wird durch parallelgeschaltete Wärmeaustauscher mit Hochdrucküberflutung eines Tieftemperaturcisblockes in weniger als 30 min erreicht. Zusätzlich wird zur weiteren Oberflächenorgankühlung arterielle Blutüberströmung der Lungen eingesetzt. Die Vorteile erstrecken sich nicht allein auf die Lungenpräservation, sondern auch auf die Vorbehandlung aller weiteren zur Multiorganentnahme vorgesehenen Organe.

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In Auszügen vorgetragen auf dem 1. Symposium der Chirurgischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Transplantationschirurgie (CAT) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie, Berlin, 7. 9. 1989

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Zerkowski, H.R., Doetsch, N., Hellinger, A. et al. Konzept zur Lungen- und Herz-Lungen-Präservation im Rahmen der Multiorganentnahme. Langenbecks Arch Chiv 376, 102–107 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01263467

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