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Postoperative Erfolgs- und Verlaufskontrollen thorakaler Aortenerkrankungen mittels Kernspintomographie

Postoperative control and follow-up of thoracic aortic disease by magnetic resonance imaging

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Summary

Operations of the thoracic aorta for aneurysms, dissections, or congenital malformations may lead to early or late complications. Therefore, postoperative control for documentation of the surgical results, for exclusion of early changes and for comparison with later controls is mandatory. To demonstrate that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which we already had used with good results for preoperative studies is also able to detect postoperative abnormalities, we examined 30 patients with thoracic aortic disease (20 male, 10 female, mean age 53 ± 13.7 years) with this diagnostic tool. There were 19 arteriosclerotic aneurysms, 10 dissections, and one aortic tumor. With MRI it was possible in all patients to visualize the results of the surgical treatment postoperatively. Early postoperative complications could be excluded, or demonstrated in one case of a retrograde aortic dissection or a hematopericardium. These pathological findings could also be shown by arterial digital subtraction angiography or echocardiography. Using MRI for follow-up of aortic dissections, the development of an aneurysm of the aortic root in a Marfan-patient could be detected. In all these patients, it was possible to differentiate true and false lumen and to detect the origin of major side branches. The diagnostic advantages of MRI, which we compared with other imaging methods, as echocardiography, computed tomography or angiography are that postoperative complications of thoracic aortic aneurysm surgery can be reliably detected and visualized in 3 different planes. Non-invasiveness, the omission of ionizing radiation and no risk of contrast media application underline that magnetical resonance imaging is an ideal method for follow-up after operation of the thoracic aorta.

Zusammenfassung

Zwecks überprüfung, inwieweit die Kernspintomographie, die mit gutem Erfolg bereits in der präoperativen Diagnostik eingesetzt wird, eine sinnvolle Bereicherung des diagnostischen Instrumentariums bei der postoperativen Kontrolle thorakaler Aortenerkrankungen darstellt, haben wir zwischen dem 1. 4. 1986 und 30. 3. 1988 30 Patienten (20 männlich, 10 weiblich, mittleres Alter 53 Jahre ± 13,7 Jahre) nach Operation an der thorakalen Aorta kernspintomographisch untersucht. Es lagen 19 arteriosklerotische Aneurysmen, 10 Dissektionen sowie ein Tumor der , Aorta descendens vor. In allen 30 Patienten gelang es, kernspintomographisch postoperativ die Ergebnisse der chirurgischen Maßnahmen zu dokumentieren. Es konnten im frühen postoperativen Stadium Komplikationen ausgeschlossen bzw., wie in einem Fall eine retrograde Aortendissektion oder einem anderen ein Hämatoperikard nachgewiesen werden. In der postoperativen Verlaufskontrolle aortaler Dissektionen ließ sich eine aneurysmatische Dilatation der dissezierten Aorta distal der implantierten Prothese in allen Fällen darstellen. Wahres und falsches Lumen konnten differenziert werden. In einem Fall ließ sich die Ausbildung eines Aortenbulbusaneurysmas nachweisen. Zusammengefaßt lassen sich postoperative Komplikationen der thorakalen Aortenchirurgie mit der Kernspintomographie zuverlässig nachweisen und bildlich in 3 Ebenen darstellen. Nichtinvasibilität, das Fehlen einer ionisierenden Strahlung und das ausbleibende Risiko einer Kontrastmittelapplikation machten die Kernspintomographie zu einer idealen Methode für Folgeuntersuchungen nach Operation an der thorakalen Aorta.

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Gefördert durch das Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie, D-5300 Bonn 2; Förderkennzeichen 01 VF 142

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Ennker, J., Schubert, C., Schneider, R. et al. Postoperative Erfolgs- und Verlaufskontrollen thorakaler Aortenerkrankungen mittels Kernspintomographie. Langenbecks Arch Chiv 374, 349–357 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01262814

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