Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Duplex-Sonographie in der Diagnostik von Nierenarterienstenosen nach allogener Nierentransplantation

Duplex-ultrasound scanning in diagnosis of post-transplant renal artery stenosis

  • Originalbeiten
  • Published:
Langenbecks Archiv für Chirurgie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Posttransplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) as a cause of secondary hypertension is reported with an incidence of 1 to 10%. Early diagnosis of TRAS should be made by non-nephrotoxic and non-invasive means to lower the risk of hypertension. One to 66 months after kidney transplantation 335 patients underwent Duplex-scanning, 38 of cases for clinical tentative diagnosis of TRAS. Parameters for clinical diagnosis of TRAS were diastolic hypertension > 100 mm Hg with resistance to therapy (A), an abdominal bruit over the transplant (B), disturbance of renal function (serum-creatinin > 2 mg/dl) (C). Admission to study followed the parameter-combination A + B, A + C, B + C. Rejection crisis was excluded in 18/38 cases by fine needle biopsy, cyclosporine over-dosage was negative in 38/38 cases, 20/38 cases had normal renal function. Duplex-/Doppler-ultrasound criteria for TRAS were systolic peak velocity > 100 cm/s−1 and broadening of the diastolic frequency spectra with a smooth decline in diastole to an elevated diastolic level. In 32/38 cases (84.2%,n=38) diagnosis of TRAS was made by duplex-scanning, angiography confirmed the result in 30/32 cases (93.75%,n=32); sensitivity was 88.2% with a specifity of 66.6%. Duplex-scanning as a primary diagnostic means for TRAS seems a promising method compared to e.g. radionuclide imaging or angiography. Duplex-scanning is a non-nephrotoxic and non-invasive procedure repeatable at any time with only few preliminary conditions. Moreover, Duplex-scanning can be used as a screening method in ambulant graft-care in observation of the clinical course after PTA or desobliteration. So graft-recipient and organ prognosis could be improved by early diagnosis of TRAS and adapted antihypertensive medication.

Zusammenfassung

Transplantatnierenarterienstenosen als Ursache einer sekundären Hypertonie werden mit einer Inzidenz von 1 bis 10% beschrieben. Eine frühzeitige Diagnose ist wünschenswert, um das Hypertonie-Risiko zu senken. 1 bis 66 Monate nach Nierentransplantation wurden 335 Patienten mittels Duplex-Sonographie untersucht. Klinisch bestand Verdacht auf Transplantatnierenarterienstenose in 38 Fällen. Parameter waren (A) therapieresistente diastol. Hypertonie > 100 mm Hg, (B) Strömungsgeräusch über dem Transplantat, (C) Kreatininspiegel > 2 mg/dl. Zulassung zur Untersuchergruppe erfolgte bei Parameterkombination A + B, A + C, B + C. Duplex-/Doppler-sonographische Parameter für Stenosen waren eine maximale systolische Strömungsgeschwindigkeit > 100 cm/s−1 und Verbreiterung des Frequenzspektrums mit langsamerem Abfall der Diastole zu einem angehobenen diastolischen Niveau. In 32/38 Füllen wurde eine Transplantatnierenarterienstenose Duplex-sonographisch ermittelt und angiographisch in 30/32 Fälle (93,75 %,n = 32) bestätigt. Wir ermittelten eine Sensitivität von 88,2%, bei einer Spezifität von 66,6%, für die Duplex-Sonographie. In der Diagnostik von Transplantatnierenarterienstenosen ist die Duplex-Sonographie gegenüber Angio- oder Szintigraphie eine vielversprechende Alternative als primäres Untersuchungsverfahren. Das Verfahren ist nicht invasiv, nicht nephrotoxisch, problemlos wiederholbar und die Zahl falsch negativer Ergebnisse im Vergleich zur Szintigraphie geringer. Duplex-Sonographie kann als Screening-Verfahren und zur Therapieverlaufskontrolle nach Angioplastie oder Gefäßrevision eingesetzt werden. Die Prognose von Nieren-transplantaten könnte sich durch frühzeitige Diagnostik und adäquater antihypertensiver Therapie mit duplexsonographischer Verlaufskontrolle langfristig verbessern.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Literatur

  1. Abderson CF, Woods JE, Frohnert P (1973) Renal allograft bruit; an encouraging finding. Mayo Clin Proc 48:13

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Arima M, Takahara S, Ihara H (1982) Predictability of renal allograft prognosis during rejection crisis by ultrasonic Doppler flow technique. Urology 19:389

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Arima M, Ishibashi M, Usami M (1979) Analysis of the arterial blood flow patterns of normal and allografted kidneys by the directional ultrasonic Doppler technique. J Urol 122:587

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Avasthi PS, Voyles WF, Greene ER (1984) Noninvasive diagnosis of renal artery stenosis by echo-Doppler velocimetry. Kidney Int 25:824

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Beckerhoff R, Uhlschmid G, Vetter W (1974) Plasma renin and aldosterone after renal transplantation. Kidney Int 5:39

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bennett WM, McDonald WJ, Lawson RK (1974) Posttransplant hypertension: studies of cortical blood flow and the renal pressor system. Kidney Int 6:99

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bennett WM, Porter GA (1988) Cyclosporine-associated hypertension. Am J Med 85:131

    Google Scholar 

  8. Benoit G (1987) Results of the treatment of renal artery stenosis in transplanted kidneys. Ann Urol (Paris) 21:409

    Google Scholar 

  9. Braun WE (1972) The renal allograft bruit as an indicator of good graft function. N Engl J Med 286:1350

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Cohen SL (1973) Hypertension in renal transplant recipients: Role of bilateral nephrectomy. Br Med J 3:78

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Curtis JJ (1984) Hypertension after renal transplantation. Ala J Med Sci 21:412

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Curtis JJ, Luke RG, Jones P (1985) Hypertension after successful renal transplantation. Am J Med 79:193

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Curtis JJ, Luke RG, Jones P (1988) Hypertension in Cyclosporine-treated renal transplant recipients is sodium dependent. Am J Med 85:134

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Doyle TJ, McGregor WR, Fox PS (1975) Homotransplant renal artery stenosis. Surgery 77:53

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Dubbins PA (1986) Renal artery stenosis: duplex Doppler evaluation. Br J Radiol 59:225

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Frick MP, Loken MK, Goldberg ME (1976) Use of 99Tc sulfur colloid in evaluation of renal transplant complications. JNM 17:181

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. George EA, Codd JE, Newton WT (1976) Comparative evaluation of renal transplant rejection with radioiodinated fibrinogen, 99Tc sulfur colloid and 67Ga-citrate. JNM 17:175

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Goldsmith MS, Tanasescue DE, Waxman AD (1988) Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and radionuclide imaging in the evaluation of renal transplant failure. Clin Nucl Med 13:250

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Greene ER, Venteres MD, Avasthi PS (1981) Noninvasive characterization of renal artery blood flow. Kidney Int 20:523

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Gückel C, Lorenz R, Hesse U (1988) Duplex ultrasound findings after renal transplantation - Possible detection of rejection. Digitale Bilddiagn 8:97

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Hamburger J, Crosnier J, Dormont J (1965) Experience with 45 renal homotransplants in man. Lancet 1:985

    Google Scholar 

  22. Jachuk SK, Wilkinson R (1973) Abdominal bruit after renal transplantation. Br Med J 2:202

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kauffman HM, Sampson D, Fox PS (1977) Prevention of transplant renal artery stenosis. Surgery 81:161

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kohler TR, Zierler R, Martin RL (1986) Noninvasive diagnosis of renal artery stenosis by ultrasonic duplex scanning. J Vasc Surg 4:450

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Lacombe M (1975) Arterial stenosis complicating renal allotransplantation in man: a study of 38 cases. Ann Surg 181:283

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Lindfors O, Laason L, Fyhrquist F (1977) Renal artery stenosis in hypertensive renal transplant recipients. J Urol 118:240

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Lindsey ES, Garbus SB, Golloday ES (1974) Hypertension due to renal artery stenosis in transplanted kidneys. Ann Surg 181:604

    Google Scholar 

  28. Malfi B, Ferretti G, Messina M (1986) Echo-Doppler velocimetry the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis on transplanted kidney. Clin Nephrol 26:181

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Marchioro TL, Strandness DE, Krugmire RB (1969) The ultrasonic velocity detector for determining vascular patency in renal homografts. Transplantation 8:296

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Margules RM, Belzer FO, Kountz SL (1973) Surgical correction of renovascular hypertension following renal allotransplantation. Arch Surg 106:13

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Maxwell MH (1975) Cooperative study of renovascular hypertension: current status. Kidney Int 8:153

    Google Scholar 

  32. McDonald JC, Bethea MC, Lindsey ES (1974) Hypertension and renin in human renal transplantation. Ann Surg 179:580

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Mellie WAB, Vinik M, Hume DM (1969) Angiographic investigation of hypertension complicating renal transplantation. Surg Gynecol Obstet 128:963

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Michielsen PP, Verbist LM, Verpooten GA (1987) Digital subtraction angiography and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in patients with renal transplant artery stenosis. Acta Clin Belge 42:414

    Google Scholar 

  35. Mitchell DG, Tobin M, LeVeen R (1988) Induced renal artery stenosis in rabbits: Magnetic resonance imaging, angiography and radionuclide determination of blood volume and blood flow. Magn Reson Imaging 6:113

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Popoutzer M, Pinnggera W, Katz FH (1973) Variations in arterial blood pressure after kidney transplantation. Relation to renal function, plasma renin activity and the dose of prednisone. Circulation 47:1297

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Reinitz ER, Goldman MH, Sais J (1983) Evaluation of transplant renal artery blood flow by Doppler sound-specrum analysis. Arch Surg 118:415

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Rösler H, Thöni A, Mahler F (1985) Radionephrographic follow up with hypertensive patients after angioplasty of renal artery stenosis. Cardiology 72 (Suppl 1):13

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Sampson D (1979) Ultrasonic method for determining rejection of human renal allografts. Lancet 11:976

    Google Scholar 

  40. Sampson D, Abramczyk J, Murphy GP (1972) Ultrasonic measurement of blood flow changes in canine renal allografts. J Surg Res 12:388

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Simmons RL, Tallent MB, Kjellstrand CM (1970) Renal allograft rejection simulated by arterial stenosis. Surgery 68:800

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Sniderman KW, Sos TA, Sprayregen S (1980) Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in renal transplant arterial stenosis for relief of hypertension. Radiology 135:23

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Starzl TE, Marchioro TE, Rifkind D (1964) Factors in successful renal transplantation. Surgery 56:296

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Taylor DC, Kettler MD, Moneta GL (1988) Duplex ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis: a prospective evaluation. J Vasc Surg 7:363

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Wood RFM, Nasmyth DG (1982) Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of vascular occlusion in renal transplantation. Transplantation 33:457

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Winde, G., Buchhol, B., Krings, W. et al. Duplex-Sonographie in der Diagnostik von Nierenarterienstenosen nach allogener Nierentransplantation. Langenbecks Arch Chiv 374, 284–290 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01261471

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01261471

Key words

Navigation