Summary
A prospective study was performed to determine the side effects of fiberoptic bronchoscopy on cardiopulmonary function, the influence of bronchial lavage on cardiopulmonary function, and the functional efficacy of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in obstructive atelectasis due to retained secretions. In 17 patients endotracheal intubation was immediately followed by a significant (P<0.01) rise in arterial, pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output. There were no statistically significant differences in arterial blood gases and intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt. Two patients showed circulatory changes indicative of a heart insufficiency on the left side. A significant increase (P<0.001) in intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt from 12% to 17.5%, a significant decline in arterial oxygen tension of 15 mm Hg, and a significant increase of cardiac output from 6.4 to 7.71/min following saline solution lavage (20 ml in each bronchus) were observed in nine patients. The results indicate that bronchial lavage is the essential mechanism for the decline in arterial oxygen tension induced by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. In patients with unstable cardiopulmonary status, the cardiovascular response during bronchoscopy may be hazardous and the bronchoscopist should be aware of the pathophysiologic side effects involved. Fifteen therapeutic bronchoscopies were performed in five critically ill patients with obstructive atelectasis, due to retained secretions. Following the procedure,Q S/Q T declined from 23.9% to 15%, cardiac output from 9.3 to 7.3 l/min, and arterial Po2 increased from 58.9 to 70.9 mm Hg. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.0001). The therapeutic value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the treatment of obstructive atelectasis is demonstrated by the significant improvement in cardiopulmonary status.
Zusammenfassung
In einer prospektiven Studie wurden die methodischen Nebenwirkungen sowie die funktionelle Wirksamkeit der fiberoptischen Bronchoskopie bei obstruktiver Atelektase untersucht. Die fiberoptische Bronchoskopie führt per se zu keinen signifikanten Veränderungen des Oxygenations-Ventilationsstatus und der Lungen-Kurzschluß-Durchblutung. Arterieller, Pulmonalarterien-, pulmonalkapillärer Verschlußdruck, das HMV und die Herzfrequenz sind signifikant erhöht. Bei 2 von 17 Patienten trat kurzfristig eine Linksherzinsuffizienz auf. Die Bronchiallavage bewirkt einen jeweils signifikanten Anstieg der Lungen-Kurzschluß-Durchblutung von 12 auf 17,7%, des HMV von 6,4 auf 7,31/min und einen Abfall der arteriellen Sauerstoffspannung von 80 auf 65,8 mm Hg. Bei obstruktiver Atelektase erbrachte die endoskopische Bronchialreinigung eine jeweils signifikante Reduktion des intrapulmonalen Rechts-Links-Shunt von 23,9 auf 15% und des HMV von 9,3 auf 7,21/min. Der Sauerstoff-Partialdruck stieg von 58,9 auf 70 mm Hg. Die nachgewiesene Funktionsverbesserung belegt das fiberoptische Absaugen als die therapeutische Methode der Wahl bei obstruktiver Atelektase. Die Bronchiallavage ist möglichst zu vermeiden.
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Adolf, J., Bartels, H., Feußner, H. et al. Die fiberoptische Bronchoskopie in der Intensivmedizin - funktionelle Wirksamkeit und methodische Nebenwirkung. Langenbecks Arch Chiv 365, 37–46 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01261211
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01261211