Abstract
The early and differential responses of the individual buds along a shoot have remained largely unknown due to the difficulties of analyzing early indicators that allow the monitoring of the effects of subtle changes in the environment on the growth activity of the individual bud. To overcome this problem, we transformed poplar [Populus tremula (L.) xP. alba (L.)] with two chimeric genes,Pcdc2a-gus andPcycl At-gus, the expression of which is closely linked to cell division inArabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. We analyzed the expression levels of both chimeric genes in individual buds of the same tree, and under different conditions known to promote or retard growth in the buds. The expression levels of both chimeric genes were found to reflect closely the growth activity of the buds. After decapitation of the shoot, the expression ofPcdc2a-gus andPcycl At-gus revealed rapid and selective changes in the cell cycle, even when no morphological changes were observed. Furthermore, on the basis of the expression of the chimeric cell cycle genes, different degrees of growth activity and dormancy could be discriminated in the axillary buds. In addition, the expression ofPcycl At-gus was found to be closely associated with the day length, which is critical for dormancy induction in poplar.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- GUS:
-
β-glucuronidase
- MU:
-
methylumbelliferone
References
Borchert R (1991) Growth periodicity and dormancy. In: Raghavendra AS (ed) Physiology of trees. John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp 221–245
Breyne P, De Loose M, Dedonder A, Van Montagu M, Depicker A (1993) Quantitative kinetic analysis of β-glucuronidase activities using a computer-directed microtiter plate reader. Plant Mol Biol Rep 11: 21–31
Cline MG (1994) The role of hormones in apical dominance. New approaches to an old problem in plant development. Physiol Plant 90: 230–237
Cohen J (1989) SETCOR: A Supplementary Module for SYSTAT and SYGRAPH. SYSTAT, Evanston, Ill., USA
Cottignies A (1986) The hydrolysis of starch as related to the interruption of dormancy in the ash bud. J Plant Physiol 123: 373–380
Cottignies A (1987) Dormance. Ann Sci Nat Bot 8: 93–142
Crabbé J (1987) Aspects particuliers de la morphogenèse caulinaire des végé taux ligneux et introduction à leur étude quantitative. IRSIA, Brussels, Belgium
Critchfield WB (1960) Leaf dimorphism inPopulus trichocarpa. Am J Bot 47: 699–711
Dennis FG Jr (1994) Dormancy — what we know (and don't know). HortScience 29: 1249–1255
Devitt ML, Stafstrom JP (1995) Cell cycle regulation during growth-dormancy cycles in pea axillary buds. Plant Mot Biol 29: 255–265
Doerner PW (1994) Cell cycle regulation in plants. Plant Physiol 106: 823–827
Ferreira PCG, Hemerly AS, Villarroel R, Van Montagu M, Inzé D (1991) TheArabidopsis functional homolog of the p34cdc2 protein kinase. Plant Cell 3: 531–540
Ferreira PCG, Hemerly AS, de Almeida Engler J, Van Montagu M, Engler G, Inzé D (1994a) Developmental expression of theArabidopsis cyclin genecyclAt. Plant Cell 6: 1763–1774
Ferreira P, Hemerly A, Van Montagu M, Inzé D (1994b) Control of cell proliferation during plant development. Plant Mot Biol 26: 1289–1303
Hemerly AS (1994) Cell division and plant development: studies on the expression and function of theArabidopsis cdc2a gene. PhD thesis, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
Hemerly A, Bergounioux C, Van Montagu M, Inzé D, Ferreira P (1992) Genes regulating the plant cell cycle: isolation of a mitoticlike cyclin fromArabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 3295–3299
Hemerly AS, Ferreira PCG, de Almeida Engler J, Van Montagu M, Engler G, Inzé D (1993)cdc2a expression inArabidopsis thaliana is linked with competence for cell division. Plant Cell 5: 1711–1723
Hobbie L, Estelle M (1994) Genetic approaches to auxin action. Plant Cell Environ 17: 525–540
Jacobs TW (1995) Cell cycle control. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 46: 317–339
Jefferson RA (1987) Assaying chimeric genes in plants: the GUS gene fusion system. Plant Mol Biol Rep 5: 387–405
Lang GA (1987) Dormancy: a new universal terminology. HortScience 22: 817–820
Lang GA (1994) Dormancy — the missing links: molecular studies and integration of regulatory plant and environmental interactions. HortScience 29: 1255–1263
Leplé JC, Brasileiro ACM, Michel MF, Delmotte F, Jouanin L (1992) Transgenic poplars: expression of chimeric genes using four different constructs. Plant Cell Rep 11: 137–141
Martinez MC, Jorgensen J-E, Lawton MA, Lamb CJ, Doerner PW (1992) Spatial pattern ofcdc2 expression in relation to meristem activity and cell proliferation during plant development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 7360–7364
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15: 473–497
Nelson EA, Dickson RE (1981) Accumulation of food reserves in cottonwood stems during dormancy induction. Can J For Res 11: 145–154
Nitsch JP (1957a) Photoperiodism in woody plants. Proc Am Soc Hort Sci 70: 526–544
Nitsch JP (1957b) Growth responses of woody plants to photoperiodic stimuli. Proc Am Soc Hort Sci 70: 512–525
Richards JH, Larson PR (1981) Morphology and development of Populus deltoides branches in different environments. Bot Gaz 142: 382–393
Saure MC (1985) Dormancy release in deciduous fruit trees. Hort Rev 7: 239–300
Shaul O, Van Montagu M, Inzé D (1996a) Regulation of cell division inArabidopsis. Crit Rev Plant Sci 15: 97–112
Shaul O, Mironov V, Burssens S, Van Montagu M, Inzé D (1996b) TwoArabidopsis cyclin promoters mediate distinctive transcriptional oscillation in synchronized tobacco BY-2 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 4868–4872
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rohde, A., Van Montagu, M., Inzé, D. et al. Factors regulating the expression of cell cycle genes in individual buds ofPopulus . Planta 201, 43–52 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01258679
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01258679