References
Allison, M.J., Mendoza, D., & Pezie, K.A. (1973). Documentation of a case of tuberculosis in PreColumbian America.American Review of Respiratory Disease 107, 985–91.
Allison, M.J., Pezzia, A., Hasegawa, I., & Gerszten, E. (1974). A case of hookworm infestation in a Precolumbian American.American Journal of Physical Anthropology 41, 103–106.
Aramburu, C.E. (1982). Expansion de la frontera agraria y demografica de la selva alta Peruana. In C.E. Aramburu, (Ed.).Colonizacion en la Amazonia. Lima: Ediciones CIPA.
Ayres, M. & Salzano, F.M. (1972). Health status of the Brazilian Cayapo Indians.Tropical and Geographical Medicine 24, 178–185.
Baker B.J. & Armelagos G.J. (1988). The origin and antiquity of syphilis.Current Anthropology 29(5), 703–737.
Beckerman, S. (1979). The abundance of protein in Amazonia: A reply to Gross.American Anthropologist 81(3), 533–560.
Beaver P.C., Neel J.V., and Orihel T.C. (1976).Dipetalonema perstans andMansonella ozzardi in Indians of Southern Venezuela.American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 25(2), 263–265.
Bedoya, E. (1981). La destrucción del equilibrio ecológico en las cooperativas del Alto Huallaga. Lima: CIPA, Serie Documento 1.
Behrens, C. (1981). Time allocation and meat procurement among the Shipibo Indians of Eastern Peru.Human Ecology 9, 189–220.
Bergman, R. (1980).Amazon economics: The simplicity of Shipibo Indian wealth. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International.
Berlin, B., & Berlin, E. (1978). Etnobiología, subsistencia, y nutrición en una sociedad de la selva tropical: Los Aguaruna (Jíbaro). In A. Chirif (Ed.).Salud y nutrición en sociedades nativas. Lima: Centro de Investigatión y Promoción amazónica. pp. 13–47.
Black, F.L., et al. (1970). Prevalence of antibody against viruses in the Tiriyo, an isolated Amazon tribe.American Journal of Epidemiology, 91430–438.
Black, F.L. et al. (1974). Evidence for persistence of infectious agents in isolated human populations.American Journal of Epidemiology, 100 230–250.
Black, F.L. (1975). Infectious diseases in primitive societies.Science, 187 515–518.
Black, F.L. et al. (1977). Nutritional status of Brazilian Kayapo Indians.Human Biology, 49 139–154.
Black, F.L. et al. (1978). Birth and survival patterns in numerically unstable proto-agricultural societies in the Brazilian Amazon.Medical Anthropology, 2 95–127.
Black, F.L. et al. (1982). Genetic correlates of enhanced measles susceptibility in Amazon Indians.Medical Anthropology, 6 37–46.
Browder, J.O. (1988). The social costs of rainforest destruction.Interciencia, 13(3), 115–120.
Brown L.R., Flavin C., & Postel S. (1989). A world at risk. In Brown, et al. (Eds.).State of the World, 1989. LR New York: WW Norton Co. for The Worldwatch Institute. p. 4.
Bugos, P.E. and McCarthy, L.M. (1984). Ayoreo infanticide: a case study. In G. Hausfater & S.B. Hrdy, (Eds.).Infanticide: Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives. New York: Aldine. pp. 503–520.
Buck, A.A., Sasaki T.T., & Anderson R.I. (1968).Health and disease in four Peruvian villages. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
Carneiro, R.L., & Hilse, D.F. (1966). On determining the probable rate of population growth during the Neolithic.American Anthropologist, 68 177–181.
Carneiro, R.A. (1974). The transition from hunting to horticulture in the Amazon Basin. In Y.A. Cohen (Ed.).Man in adaptation: The cultural present. Second ed. Chicago: Aldine.
Chagnon, N.A. (1974).Studying the Yanomamö. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Chagnon, N.A. (1977; 1983).Yanomamö: The fierce people. Second ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
Chagnon, N.A. (1988). Life histories, blood revenge, and warfare in a tribal population.Science, 239 985–992.
Chagnon, N.A., & Hames, R.B. (1979). Protein deficiency and tribal warfare in Amazonia: New data.Science, 203 910–913.
Chagnon N.A., Flinn M.V., & Melancon T.F. (1979). Sex-ratio variation among the Yanomamö Indians. In N.A. Chagnon & W. Irons (Eds.).Evolutionary biology and human social behavior: An anthropological perspective. North Scituate, MA: Duxbury Press, pp. 290–320.
Chagnon N.A. & Melancon T.F. (1984). Reproduction, numbers of kin and epidemics in tribal populations: A case study. In N. Keyfitz (Ed.).Population and biology. Liege, Belgium: Ordina Editions.
Chernela J.M. & Thatcher V.E. (1989). Comparison of parasite burdens in two native Amazonian populations.Medical Anthropology, 10 279–285.
Clark G.A., Kelley M.A., Grange J.M., & Hill M.C. (1987). The evolution of mycobacterial disease in human populations: A reevaluation.Current Anthropology, 28(1), 45–62.
Cockburn, T.A. (1961). The origin of treponematoses.Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 24 221–228.
Cockburn, T.A. (1961). Eradication of infectious diseases.Science, 133 1050–1058.
Cockburn, T.A. (1971). Infectious diseases in ancient populations.Current Anthropology, 12 45–62.
Coimbra C.E.A. Jr. (1988). Human settlements, demographic pattern, and epidemiology in Iowland Amazonia: The case of Chaga's disease.American Anthropologist, 90(1), 82–97.
Denevan, W.M. (1976). Epilogue. In William M. Denevan (Ed.).The native population of the Americas in 1492. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. pp 289–292.
Devereux G. (1955).A Study of abortion in primitive societies. New York: Julian.
Dobyns, H.F. (1966). Estimating aboriginal American population: An appraisal of techniques with a new hemispheric estimate.Current Anthropology, 7 395–416.
Donnelly, C.J., et al. (1977). Plaque, caries, periodontal diseases, and acculturation among Yanomamo Indians, Venezuela.Community Dental and Oral Epidemiology 5, 30–39.
Dufour, D.L. (1983). Nutrition in the Northwest Amazon: Household dietary intake and timeenergy expenditure. In Raymond B. Hames & William T. Vickers (Eds.).Adaptive responses of native Amazonians. New York: Academic Press.
Dufour, D.L. (1987). Insects as food: A case study from the Northwest Amazon.American Anthropologist, 89(2), 383–397.
Fagundes-Neto, U., Baruzzi, R.G., Wehba, J., Sivestrini, W.S., Morais, M.B., & Cainelli, M. (1981) Observations of the Alto Xingu Indians (Central Brazil) with special reference to the nutritional evaluation in children.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 34 2229–2235.
Fearnside, P.M. (1986).Human carrying capacity of the Brazilian rainforest. New York: Columbia University Press.
Flowers, N.M. (1983a). Seasonal factors in subsistence, nutrition, and child growth in a Central Brazilian Indian Community. In Raymond B. Hames & William T. Vickers (Eds.).Adaptive responses of native Amazonians. New York: Academic Press.
Flowers P.M. (1983b). Xavante population and demography. From Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University (manuscript).
Glanville, E., & Geerdink, R. (1970). Skinfold thickness, body measurements and age changes in Trio and Wajana Indians of Surinam.American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 32 455–461.
Glanville, E.V., & Geerdink, R.A. (1972). Blood pressure of Amerindians from Surinam.American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 37 251–254.
Goldman I. (1979). The Cubeo: Indians of the Northwest Amazon. Second ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Guderian, R.H., Mackenzie, C.D., & Proaño, J.R. (1987). Onchocerciasis in Ecuador: Absence of microfilaraemia.Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 90 213–214.
Hackett, C.J. (1963). On the origin of the human treponematoses.Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 29 7–41.
Hames, R.B., & Vickers, W.T. (1983).Adaptive responses of native Amazonians. New York: Academic Press.
Hecht, S., & Cockburn, A. (1989).The fate of the forest. New York: Verso.
Hern, W.M. (1971). Community health, fertility trends, and ecocultural change in a Peruvian Amazon Indian village: 1964–1969. Unpublished Master of Public Health thesis, University of North Carolina School of Public Health.
Hern, W.M. (1976). Knowledge and use of herbal contraceptives in a Peruvian Amazon village.Human Organization, 35 9–19.
Hern, W.M. (1977). High fertility in a Peruvian Amazon Indian village.Human Ecology, 5(4), 355–367.
Hern, W.M. (1988). Polygyny and fertility among the Shipibo: An epidemiologic test of an ethnographic hypothesis. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of North Carolina School of Public Health.
Holmberg A.R. (1969).Nomads of the long bow: The Siriono of Eastern Bolivia. Prospect Heights, Ill: Waveland Press.
Johnston F.E. & Kensinger K.M. (1971). Fertility and mortality differentials and their implications for microevolutionary change among the Cashinahua.Human Biology, 43 356–364.
Johnston F.E., Kensinger K.M., Jantz R.L., & Walker G.F. (1969). The population structure of the Peruvian Cashinahua: Demographic, genetic and cultural interrelationships.Human Biology, 41 29–41.
Larrick, J., Yost, J., Kaplan, J., King, G., & Mayhall, J. (1979). Patterns of health and disease among the Waorani Indians of Eastern Ecuador.Medical Anthropology, 3(2), 147–189.
Lathrap D.W. (1968). The "hunting" economies of the tropical rain forest zone of South America: An attempt at historical perspective. In R.B. Lee and I. DeVore (Eds.).Man the hunter. Chicago: Aldine.
Lathrop, D.W. (1970).The Upper Amazon. New York: Praeger.
Lathrop, D.W. (1977).Our father the cayman, our mother the gourd. In C.A. Reed, (Ed.).The origins of agriculture. The Hague: Mouton.
Lawrence, D.N., et al. (1979). Epidemiologic studies among Amerindian populations of Amazonia. II. Prevalence ofMansonella ozzardi.American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 28(6), 991–996.
Lawrence D.N., Erdtmann, et al. (1980). Estudos epidemiologicos entre populacões indigenas da Amazonia. II. Prevalencias de microfilaremia deMansonella ozzardi: comparacão de dois metodos de diagnostico.Acta Amazonica, 10(4), 763–769.
Lawrence D.N., Neel J.V., et al. (1980). Epidemiologic studies among Amerindian populations of Amazonia. III. Intestinal Parasitoses in newly contacted and acculturating villages.American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 29(4), 530–537.
Lee, J.A. (1985).The environment, public health, and human ecology: Considerations for economic development. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, for The World Bank. Chapters 2 (Economic Development and Pollution Control), pp. 19–53, and 3 (Health Considerations for Economic Development), pp. 54–87.
Lewis, T.H. & Brannon, W.L. (1974). Poliomyelitis in an isolated Amerindian population.Journal of the American Medical Association, 230(9), 1295–1297.
Lipschutz, A. (1966). La despoblacion de las Indias despues de la conquista.America Indigena, 26 229–247.
Lowenstein, F.W. (1961). Blood pressure in relation to age and sex in the tropics and subtropics.Lancet, i 389–392.
Lyon P.J. (1985).Native South Americans: Ethnology of the least known continent. Prospect Heights, Ill: Waveland Press.
Martin, P.S. (1973). The discovery of America.Science, 197 969–974.
Meggers, B.J. (1971).Amazonia: Man and culture in a counterfeit paradise. Arlington Heights, Ill: AMH Publishing Corporation.
Milton, K. (1984). Protein and carbohydrate resources of the Maku Indians of Northwest Amazonia.American Anthropologist, 86(1), 7–27.
Morães M.A.P. and Chaves G.M. (1974). Onchocerciasis in Brazil: New findings among the Yanomama Indians.Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization, 8 95–99.
Moran, E. (1981).Developing the Amazon. Bloomington, Indiana: University Press.
Moran, E. (1983).The dilemma of Amazonian development (Ed.). Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
Morse, D. (1961). Prehistoric tuberculosis in America.American Review of Respiratory Diseases 83, 489–504.
Murphy, Y. Murphy, R.F. (1974).Women of the forest. New York: Columbia University Press.
Myers, T.P. (1988). El efecto de pestiliencia sobre las poblaciones de la Amazonia superior.Amazonia Peruana.
Neel, J.V. (1970). Lessons from a "primitive" people.Science, 1970 815–822.
Neel, J.V. (1982). Infectious disease among Amerindians.Medical Anthropology, 6(1), 47–55.
Neel, J.V. (1977). Health and disease in unacculturated Amerindian populations. In Health and Disease in Tribal Societies. Ciba Foundation Symposium 49. Holland: Elsevier.
Neel, J.V. (1978). The population structure of an Amerindian tribe, the Yanomama.Annual Review of Genetics, 12 365–413.
Neel J.V., Centerwall W.R., Chagnon N.A., & Casey H.L. (1970). Notes on the effect of measles and measles vaccine in a virgin-soil population of South American Indians.American Journal of Epidemiology, 91(4), 418–429.
Neel J.V. & Chagnon N.A. (1968). The demography of two tribes of primitive, relatively unacculturated American Indians.Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 59(3), 680–689.
Neel, J.V. & Salzano, F.M. (1970). Further studies on the Xavante Indians. X. Some hypotheses-generalizations resulting from the studies.American Journal of Human Genetics, 19 554–574.
Neel, J.V., Salzano, F.M., Junqueira, P.C., Keiter, F., & Maybury-Lewis D. (1964). Studies on the Xavante Indians of the Brazilian Mato Grosso.Human Genetics, 16(1), 52–140.
Neel, J.V. & Weiss, K.M. (1975). The genetic structure of a tribal population, the Yanomama Indians. XII. Biodemographic studies.American Journal of Physical Anthropology 42, 25–52.
Nowaczynski W., Oliver W.J., & Neel J.V. (1985). Serum Aldosterone and protein-binding variables in Yanomama Indians: A ‘no-salt’ culture as compared to partially acculturated Guaymi Indians.Clin. Physiol. Biochem, 3 289–306.
Oliver W.J., Cohen E.L., & Neel J.V. (1975). Blood pressure, sodium intake, and sodium related hormones in the Yanomamo Indians, a "no-salt" culture.Circulation, 52 146–151.
Posey, D.A. (1983). Indigenous ecological knowledge and development of the Amazon. In E.F. Moran (Ed.).The dilemmas of Amazonian development. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. pp 225–257.
Roosevelt, A.C. (1980).Parmana: Prehistoric maize and manioc subsistence along the Amazon and Orinoco. New York: Academic Press.
Roosevelt, A.C. (1989). Lost civilizations of the Lower Amazon.Natural History February, 74–82.
Ross, E.B. (1978). Food taboos, diet, and hunting strategy: The adaptation to animals in Amazon cultural ecology.Current Anthropology 19(1), 1–36.
Salzano F.M. (1961). Demography of the Caingang Indians.Human Biology 33, 110–130.
Salzano F.M. (1985). Changing patterns of disease among South American Indians. In F.M. Salzano, (Ed.).Diseases of complex etiology in small populations: Ethnic differences and research approaches. New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc. pp. 301–323.
Salzano F.M., & Callegari-Jacques S.M. (1980). Demographic and genetic relationships among Brazilian Wapishana Indians.Annals of Human Biology, 7(2), 129–138.
Salzano F.M. (1988). Disease patterns. In F.M. Salzano & S.M. Callegari-Jacques (Eds.).South American Indians: A case study in evolution. Oxford: Clarendon.
Salzano F.M., Callegari-Jacques S.M., & Neel J.V. (1979). Demografia genetica dos indios Ticuna da Amazonia.Acta Amazonica, 9(3), 517–527.
Salzano F.M. & Neel J.V. (1976). New data on the vision of South American Indians.Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization, 10(1), 1–8.
Salzano F.M., Neel J.V., & Maybury-Lewis D. (1967). Further studies on the Xavante Indians. I. Demographic data on two additional villages: genetic structure of the tribe.American Journal of Human Genetics, 19(4), 463–489.
Schwaner, T.D., & Dixon, C.F. (1974). Helminthiasis as a measure of cultural change in the Amazon Basin.Biotropica 6(1), 32–37.
Siskind J. (1973). Tropical forest hunters and the economy of sex. In D.R. Gross (Ed.).Peoples and cultures of native South America. Garden City: Natural History Press. pp. 226–240.
Simons, M. (1988). Amazon settlers turn forests to ash in name of progress.New York Times, October 11.
Smith, T.E. (1960). The Cocos-Keeling Islands: A demographic laboratory.Population Studies 14, 94–130.
Spielman R.S., et al. (1982). Glucose tolerance in two unacculturated Indian tribes of Brazil.Diabetologia, 23 90–93.
Stearman, A.M. (1983). Forest to pasture: frontier settlement in the Bolivian Iowlands. In E.F. Moran (Ed.).The dilemma of Amazonian development. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
Stearman, A.M. (1984). The Yuquí connection: Another look at Sirionó deculturation.American Anthropologist, 86 630–650.
Steward J.H. (1949). The native population of South America. In Julian H. Steward (Ed.).The comparative ethnology of South American Indians, Vol. 6 of handbook of South American Indians. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin no. 143. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Steward, J.H. & Metraux, A. (1948). Tribes of the Peruvian and Ecuadorian Montaña. In J.H. Steward (Ed.).Handbook of South American Indians. Vol. 3. pp. 51–59, 290–347, 555. The Tropical Forest Tribes, Bulletin 143. Washington, D.C: Bureau of Ethnology.
Sulzer, A.J., et al. (1975). A focus of hyperendemicPlasmodium malariae -P. vivax with noP.falciparum in a primitive population in the Peruvian Amazon jungle.Bulletin of the World Health Organization 52, 273–278.
Tessman, G. (1928). Menschen ohne Gott. Ein Besuch bei den Indianen dos Ucayali. Stuttgart.
Thornton, R. (1987).American Indian holocaust and survival: A population history since 1492. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
Tournon, J. (1984). Investigaciones sobre las plantas medicinales de los Shipibo-Conibo del Ucayali.Amazonia Peruana, 5(10), 91–118.
Vickers, W.T. (1983). Development and Amazonian Indians: The Aguarico case and some general principles. In Emilio Moran (Ed.).The dilemma of Amazonian development. Boulder: Westview Press. pp. 25–50.
Wagley, C. (1969). Cultural influences on population: A comparison of two Tupi tribes. In A.P. Vayda (Ed.).Environment and cultural behavior. New York: Natural History Press.
Wagley, C. (1973).Man in the Amazon (Ed.). Gainesville: Univ. Fla.
Wagley, C. (1977).Welcome of tears: The Tapirapé Indians of Brazil. Prospect Heights, Ill: Waveland Press.
Wagley, C. (1975). The effects of depopulation upon social organization as illustrated by the Tapirapé Indians. In P.J. Lyon (Ed.).Native South Americans: Ethnology of the least known continent. Prospect Heights, Ill: Waveland Press. pp. 373–376.
Weinstein E.D., Neel J.V., & Salzano F.M. (1967). Further studies on the Xavante Indians. VI. The physical status of the Xavantes of Simões Lopes.American Journal of Human Genetics, 19(4), 532–542.
Whitten, N.E. (1981). Introduction. In N.E. Whitten (Ed.).Cultural transformations and ethnicity in modern Ecuador. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
World Resources Institute (1987).World Resources 1987. New York: Basic Books.
Zachariah, K.C. & Vu, M.T. (1988).World population projections, 1987–88 Edition: Shortand long-term estimates. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, for The World Bank.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hern, W.M. Effects of cultural change on health and fertility in Amazonian Indian societies: Recent research and projections. Popul Environ 13, 23–43 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01256569
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01256569