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Determination of MN blood group from blood stains by electrophoresis and immunoblotting

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Summary

The determination of blood groups from blood stains is extremely important in medicolegal practice, but there is the possibility of an error in the determination of MN phenotypes by the absorption-elution test. We investigated a new method applying electrophoresis and immunoblotting. As a consequence of various experiments, the most appropriate pretreatment of blood stains was as follows. Blood stains were immersed in physiological saline for 0.5 to 1h and centrifuged. The supernatant was discarded. The sediment was dissolved in sample buffer (TRIS-buffered physiological saline containing 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate) and followed by thermodegradation. It was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). After transfer to a nitrocellulose membrane by Western blotting, MN phenotypes could be determined accurately from blood stains by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using commercially available polyclonal anti-M and anti-N sera. For blood stains more than 1 month old it was not easy to determine the MN phenotypes.

Zusammenfassung

Es ist selbstverständlich, daß in der Gerichtsmedizin die Blutgruppenuntersuchung aus dem Blutfleck außerordentlich wichtig ist. In Bezug auf MN-Gruppen gibt es jedoch die Gefahr der falschen Beurteilung bei dem Absorptionstest und Elutionstest. Wir haben eine neue Methode mit Hilfe von Elektrophorese und Immunoblotting untersucht. Zuerst haben wir verschiedene Methoden der Vorbehandlung von Blutflecken überprüft. Daraus ergab sich, daß jene Methode am besten ist, bei der der Blutfleck in physiologischer Kochsalzlösung 0.5 bis 1 Stunde eingetaucht und dann zentrifugiert wird. Nach der Beseitigung der überstehenden Flüssigkeit wird er in dem Probenpuffer (2% Natriumlaurylsulfat in TRIS-gepufferter physiologischer Kochsalzlösung) aufgelöst und mit Hitze zersetzt. Dann haben wir mit den vorbehandelten Proben die Natriumlaurylsulfat-Polyacrylamidgel-Elektrophorese (NLS-PAGE) durchgeführt, durch Westernblotting auf Nitrozellulosemembran abgedruckt und mit dem handelsüblichen polyclonal Anti-M-Serum und Anti-N-Serum Enzymimmunoassay (EIA) vorgenommen. Damit konnte man sicher im Blutfleck MN-Gruppen beurteilen. Die MN-Antigene, die bei Raumtemperatur aufbewahrt werden, schienen aber nicht stabil zu sein. Nach ca. einem Monat waren die Gruppen schwer zu beurteilen.

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Moriya, F., Nanikawa, R. Determination of MN blood group from blood stains by electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Z Rechtsmed 103, 21–25 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01255842

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01255842

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