Abstract
Organometal compounds of tin, mercury and lead were simultaneously determined in environmental water and sediment samples by CGC-ICPMS. Instead of classical liquid/liquid extractions, solid phase microextraction was used as sampling technique. In this method, the organometallic compounds arein situ derivatised in the aqueous phase and simultaneously extracted onto a polydimethylsiloxane fiber, so that organic solvents are no longer necessary. The sorbed organometals are subsequently released from the fiber in the GC injection liner by thermal desorption. By sampling from the headspace, only the species of interest are sampled and no interfering matrix components are coextracted. With this new method, derivatisation, extraction, preconcentration and injection into the GC takes only 10 min with a minimum of handling steps. Owing to the very low detection limits (0.13–3.7 ng/1 as metal) only small sample amounts (25 ml of water, 0.5 g of sediment) are needed for one analysis. Finally, SPME is an inexpensive sampling technique that can be used with standard split/splitless injection systems.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P. J. Craig,Organometallic compounds in the environment. Principles and reactions. Harlow, Essex, 1986.
S. J. Hill, M. J. Bloxham, P. J. Worsfold,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1993,8, 499.
L. Ebdon, S. J. Hall, W. R. Ward,Analyst 1987,112, 1.
R. Smits,LC-GC Int. 1994,7, 694.
R. Łobiński,Appl. Spectrosc. 1997,7, 262A.
J. C. Van Loon, L. R. Alcock, W. H. Pinchin, J. B. French,Spectrom. Lett. 1986,19, 1125.
N. S. Chong, R. S. Houk,Appl. Spectrosc. 1987,41, 66.
G. R. Peters, D. Beauchemin,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1992,7, 965.
A. W. Kim, M. E. Foulkes, L. Ebdon, S. J. Hill, R. L. Patience, A. G. Barwise, S. J. Rowland,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1992,7, 1147.
E. H. Evans, J. A. Caruso,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1993,8, 427.
W. G. Pretorius, L. Ebdon, J. Rowland,J. Chromatogr. 1993,646, 369.
A. Kim, S. Hill, L. Ebdon, S. Rowland,J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 1992,15, 665.
A. Prange, E. Jantzen,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1995,10, 105.
T. De Smaele, P. Verrept, L. Moens, R. Dams,Spectrochim. Acta Part B 1995,50, 1409.
T. De Smaele, L. Moens, R. Dams, P. Sandra,Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem. 1996, 354,778.
T. De Smaele, L. Moens, R. Dams, P. Sandra,P. LC-GC Int. 1996,9, 138.
T. De Smaele, F. Vanhaecke, L. Moens, R. Dams, P. Sandra,Proc. 18th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography, P. Sandra (ed.), Publ. Hüthig, Heidelberg, 1996, p. 52.
F. M. Martin, O. F. X. Donard,Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem. 1995,351, 230.
O. F. X. Donard, S. Rapsomanikis, J. H. Weber,Anal. Chem. 1986,58, 772.
Y. Cai, S. Rapsomanikis, O. Andreae,Anal. Chim. Acta 1993,274, 243.
W. R. M. Dirkx, W. E. Van Mol, R. J. A. Van Cleuvenbergen, F. C. Adams,Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem. 1989,335, 769.
M. D. Mueller,Anal. Chem. 1987,59, 617.
R. J. Maguire, R. J. Tkacz,J. Chromatogr. 1983,268, 99.
J. Ashby, P. J. Craig,Appl. Organomet. Chem. 1991,351, 173.
J. Ashby, P. J. Craig,Sci. Total Environ. 1989,78, 219.
J. Ashby, S. Clark, P. J. Craig,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1988,3, 735.
T. De Smaele, L. Moens, R. Dams, P. Sandra, J. Van der Eycken, J. Vandyck,J. Chromatogr. A 1998,793, 99.
L. Moens, T. De Smaele, R. Dams, P. Van Den Broeck, P. Sandra,Anal. Chem. 1996,15, 1604.
M. Ceulemans, F. C. Adams,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1996,11, 201.
J. Sprunar, V. O. Schmitt, R. Lobinski, J.-L. Monod,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1996,11, 193.
D. Louch, S. Motlagh, J. Pawliszyn,J. Anal. Chem. 1992,64, 1187.
D. W. Potter, J. Pawliszyn,Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994,28, 298.
K. D. Buchholz, J. Pawliszyn,Anal. Chem. 1994,66, 160.
Z. Zhang, M. J. Yang, J. Pawliszyn,Anal. Chem. 1994,66, 844A.
Z. Zhang, J. Pawliszyn,Anal. Chem. 1993,65, 1843.
Y. Morcillo, Y. Cai, J. M. Bayona,J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 1995,18, 767.
Y. Cai, J. M. Bayona,J. Chromatogr. 1995,696, 113.
S. Tutschku, S. Mothes, R. Wennrich,Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1996,354, 587.
M. Heistercamp, T. De Smaele, J.-P. Candelone, L. Moens, R. Dams, F. C. Adams,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1997,12, 1077.
M. Ceulemans, R. Lobinski, W. M. R. Dirkx, F. C. Adams,Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem. 1993,347, 256.
J. Szprunar, V. O. Schmitt, O. F. X. Donard, R. Łobiński,Trends Anal. Chem. 1996,15, 181.
Directoraat-Generaal Milieubeheer,Stoffen en normen. Overzicht van belangrijke Stoffen en normen in het milieubeleid 1991–1992, Samson H. D. Tjeenk Willink, Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands, 1991.
R. Ritsema,Environmental applications of hyphenated techniques for the speciation of Tin, Arsenic and Mercury, PhD thesis, Pau, France, 1997.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
De Smaele, T., Moens, L., Sandra, P. et al. Determination of organometallic compounds in surface water and sediment samples with SPME-CGC-ICPMS. Mikrochim Acta 130, 241–251 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01242912
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01242912