Summary
Controlled Failure of Hollow Rock Cylinders in Uniaxial Compression
Detailed consideration is given to the behavior of hollow rock cylinders loaded in uniaxial compression. Elastic stress distributions calculated by the finite element method show that radial stresses are considerably lower in hollow than in solid cylinders, and that the uniformity of the stresses can be improved considerably by using loading platens having the same cross-section as the specimen. Servo-controlled uniaxial compression tests carried out on solid and thick-walled cylinders of white Tennessee marble show no essential differences in the behavior of the two specimen types with similar strengths and fracture phenomena being observed. In tests carried out in servo-controlled, stiff, and conventional machines, the progressive formation of large numbers of short subaxial cracks is followed by the development of macrofractures such as slabbing and shearing well past the peak of the stress-strain curve.
Zusammenfassung
Der gesteuerte Bruch hohler Gesteinszylinder unter einachsigem Druck
Das Verhalten hohler Gesteinszylinder unter einachsigem Druck ist eingehend beschrieben. Die Methode der endlichen Elemente ermöglicht die Berechnung der elastischen Spannungsverteilung und zeigt, daß die radialen Spannungen im Hohlzylinder bedeutend geringer sind als im massiven. Der Gebrauch von Druckplatten vom gleichen Querschnitt wie dem der Probe verbessert die Gleichförmigkeit der Spannungen wesentlich.
Servo-gesteuerte einachsige Druckversuche an dichtwandigen hohlen und an massiven Proben von weißem Tennessee-Marmor lassen keine wesentlichen Unterschiede zwischen dem Verhalten der beiden Probenarten erkennen. Ähnliche Festigkeiten und Brucherscheinungen sind im hohlen und massiven Zylinder beobachtet worden. In Versuchen mit servo-gesteuerten starren und in konventionellen Maschinen folgt der progressiven Bildung einer großen Anzahl kurzer, etwa axialer Risse die Entstehung von größeren Brucherscheinungen, wie z. B. Abschalungen und Scherbrüche, und zwar deutlich nach dem Scheitelpunkt der Arbeitslinie.
Résumé
Fracturation contrôlée de cylindres rocheux creux en compression uniaxiale
Une étude détaillée du comportement de cylindres rocheux creux soumis à une compression uniaxiale est faite ici. La répartition des contraintes en milieu élastique déterminée par la méthode des éléments finis a montré que les contraintes radiales étaient beaucoup plus petites dans les cylindres creux que dans les cylindres pleins et que l'uniformité des contraintes pouvait être considérablement améliorée en utilisant des platines de mise en charge ayant la même section que l'éprouvette.
Des essais de compression simple effectués avec une presse asservie sur des cylindres de marbre du Tennessee soit pleins soit à paroi épaisse ne montrent aucune différence notable quand au comportement des deux types d'éprouvettes. La résistance à la rupture et les phénomènes de fracturation se sont avérés comparables dans les deux cas. Au cours des essais effectués avec une presse raide asservie et une presse classique, la formation progressive d'un grand nombre de courtes fissures sub axiales est suivie par le développement de macrofractures telles qu'écaillage et cisaillements une fois dépassé le pic de la courbe effort déformation.
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Brown, E.T., Hudson, J.A., Hardy, M.P. et al. Controlled failure of hollow rock cylinders in uniaxial compression. Rock Mechanics 4, 1–24 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01239210
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01239210