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Anisotropie de la dilatance des roches schisteuses

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Résumé

Anisotropie de la dilatance des roches schisteuses

Les petites déformations de schistes ardoisiers, mesurées au cours d'essais de compressions triaxiales, montrent une orthotropie de révolution élastique initiale dont les coefficients varient avec la pression de confinement. Lorsque la déformation croît, comme pour les roches pseudo-isotropes, mais seulement pour certaines plages d'orientation de la structure par rapport au tenseur contrainte, prend naissance le mécanisme de dilatance. Le seuil de dilatance dépend de cette orientation et de la pression de confinement. La dilatance croît avec la contrainte suivant une loi proche du second degré.

Summary

Anisotropy of Dilatancy of Slates

Triaxial compression tests have been performed on cylindrical samples of Lacaune slate (Tarn) with confining pressure up to 0,8 Kb. Small strains indicate an initial elastic orthotropy of revolution. Surfaces of elastic moduli are characterized by quartics, the section of which, in the axial plane, presents a minimum situated at about 30° with respect to the axis of the structure. The elastic moduli of the material, characteristic of the set matrix — discontinuities tends, under the action of an increase of the confining pressure, to draw nearer to those of the matrix itself. The increase of the confining pressure reduces the anisotropy of the material.

As the strain increases, as for pseudo-isotropic rocks, the mechanism of dilatancy comes to being, but only for orientations of the major principal compression located inside a cone of revolution, the cone of dilatancy (coaxial to the structure, with half apex angle of about 45°). This dilatancy, due to microcracking, initiates from an onset which is function of orientation and confining pressure. It is characterized by the first invariant of the inelastic strain tensor and is connected to the second invariant of the stress tensor by a power law close to the second degree. Outside the cone of dilatancy the inelastic strain is deviatoric. The intensity of the dilatancy, characterized by the coefficient of the nearly parabolic law, decreases as the orientation deviates from the axis of the structure.

Zusammenfassung

Die Anisotropie der Dilatanz von Schiefern

Kleine Deformationen von Schiefergesteinen zeigen in Triaxialversuchen anfänglich eine elastische achsialsymmetrische Orthotropie, deren Koeffizienten sich mit dem Seitendruck verändern. Sobald die Deformationen größer werden, wie bei pseudoisotropen Gesteinen, jedoch nur für bestimmte Bereiche der Gefügeorientierung in bezug auf den Spannungstensor, beginnt der Mechanismus der Dilatanz. Das Einsetzen der Dilatanz hängt von dieser Orientierung und vom Seitendruck ab. Die Dilatanz ist etwa proportional zum Quadrat der Spannung.

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Lérau, J., Saint-Leu, C. & Sirieys, P. Anisotropie de la dilatance des roches schisteuses. Rock Mechanics 13, 185–196 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01239037

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01239037

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