Abstract
Seven algorithms are investigated for integrating stellar orbits in axisymmetric and time-independent galactic models. We find that for this purpose, impressive gains over older methods are possible with higher order Runge-Kutta methods and variable order methods.
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House, F.C., Innanen, K.A. & Keenan, D.W. Numerical integration methods for galactic orbit computations. Celestial Mechanics 11, 3–11 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01228731
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01228731